keys: add new key-type encrypted

Define a new kernel key-type called 'encrypted'. Encrypted keys are kernel
generated random numbers, which are encrypted/decrypted with a 'trusted'
symmetric key. Encrypted keys are created/encrypted/decrypted in the kernel.
Userspace only ever sees/stores encrypted blobs.

Changelog:
- bug fix: replaced master-key rcu based locking with semaphore
  (reported by David Howells)
- Removed memset of crypto_shash_digest() digest output
- Replaced verification of 'key-type:key-desc' using strcspn(), with
  one based on string constants.
- Moved documentation to Documentation/keys-trusted-encrypted.txt
- Replace hash with shash (based on comments by David Howells)
- Make lengths/counts size_t where possible (based on comments by David Howells)
  Could not convert most lengths, as crypto expects 'unsigned int'
  (size_t: on 32 bit is defined as unsigned int, but on 64 bit is unsigned long)
- Add 'const' where possible (based on comments by David Howells)
- allocate derived_buf dynamically to support arbitrary length master key
  (fixed by Roberto Sassu)
- wait until late_initcall for crypto libraries to be registered
- cleanup security/Kconfig
- Add missing 'update' keyword (reported/fixed by Roberto Sassu)
- Free epayload on failure to create key (reported/fixed by Roberto Sassu)
- Increase the data size limit (requested by Roberto Sassu)
- Crypto return codes are always 0 on success and negative on failure,
  remove unnecessary tests.
- Replaced kzalloc() with kmalloc()

Signed-off-by: Mimi Zohar <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: David Safford <[email protected]>
Reviewed-by: Roberto Sassu <[email protected]>
Signed-off-by: James Morris <[email protected]>

security/Kconfig

@@ -36,6 +36,22 @@ config TRUSTED_KEYS
 
 	  If you are unsure as to whether this is required, answer N.
 
+config ENCRYPTED_KEYS
+	tristate "ENCRYPTED KEYS"
+	depends on KEYS && TRUSTED_KEYS
+	select CRYPTO_AES
+	select CRYPTO_CBC
+	select CRYPTO_SHA256
+	select CRYPTO_RNG
+	help
+	  This option provides support for create/encrypting/decrypting keys
+	  in the kernel.  Encrypted keys are kernel generated random numbers,
+	  which are encrypted/decrypted with a 'master' symmetric key. The
+	  'master' key can be either a trusted-key or user-key type.
+	  Userspace only ever sees/stores encrypted blobs.
+
+	  If you are unsure as to whether this is required, answer N.
+
 config KEYS_DEBUG_PROC_KEYS
 	bool "Enable the /proc/keys file by which keys may be viewed"
 	depends on KEYS