mm: Add a user_ns owner to mm_struct and fix ptrace permission checks

During exec dumpable is cleared if the file that is being executed is
not readable by the user executing the file.  A bug in
ptrace_may_access allows reading the file if the executable happens to
enter into a subordinate user namespace (aka clone(CLONE_NEWUSER),
unshare(CLONE_NEWUSER), or setns(fd, CLONE_NEWUSER).

This problem is fixed with only necessary userspace breakage by adding
a user namespace owner to mm_struct, captured at the time of exec, so
it is clear in which user namespace CAP_SYS_PTRACE must be present in
to be able to safely give read permission to the executable.

The function ptrace_may_access is modified to verify that the ptracer
has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in task->mm->user_ns instead of task->cred->user_ns.
This ensures that if the task changes it's cred into a subordinate
user namespace it does not become ptraceable.

The function ptrace_attach is modified to only set PT_PTRACE_CAP when
CAP_SYS_PTRACE is held over task->mm->user_ns.  The intent of
PT_PTRACE_CAP is to be a flag to note that whatever permission changes
the task might go through the tracer has sufficient permissions for
it not to be an issue.  task->cred->user_ns is always the same
as or descendent of mm->user_ns.  Which guarantees that having
CAP_SYS_PTRACE over mm->user_ns is the worst case for the tasks
credentials.

To prevent regressions mm->dumpable and mm->user_ns are not considered
when a task has no mm.  As simply failing ptrace_may_attach causes
regressions in privileged applications attempting to read things
such as /proc/<pid>/stat

Cc: [email protected]
Acked-by: Kees Cook <[email protected]>
Tested-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <[email protected]>
Fixes: 8409cca705 ("userns: allow ptrace from non-init user namespaces")
Signed-off-by: "Eric W. Biederman" <[email protected]>

mm/init-mm.c

@@ -6,6 +6,7 @@
 #include <linux/cpumask.h>
 
 #include <linux/atomic.h>
+#include <linux/user_namespace.h>
 #include <asm/pgtable.h>
 #include <asm/mmu.h>
 
@@ -21,5 +22,6 @@ struct mm_struct init_mm = {
 	.mmap_sem	= __RWSEM_INITIALIZER(init_mm.mmap_sem),
 	.page_table_lock =  __SPIN_LOCK_UNLOCKED(init_mm.page_table_lock),
 	.mmlist		= LIST_HEAD_INIT(init_mm.mmlist),
+	.user_ns	= &init_user_ns,
 	INIT_MM_CONTEXT(init_mm)
 };