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Filename Latest commit message Latest commit date
Daniel Borkmann 640b4b4e93
UPSTREAM: bpf: Undo incorrect __reg_bound_offset32 handling
commit f2d67fec0b43edce8c416101cdc52e71145b5fef upstream.

Anatoly has been fuzzing with kBdysch harness and reported a hang in
one of the outcomes:

  0: (b7) r0 = 808464432
  1: (7f) r0 >>= r0
  2: (14) w0 -= 808464432
  3: (07) r0 += 808464432
  4: (b7) r1 = 808464432
  5: (de) if w1 s<= w0 goto pc+0
   R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=808464432,umax_value=5103431727,var_off=(0x30303020;0x10000001f)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  6: (07) r0 += -2144337872
  7: (14) w0 -= -1607454672
  8: (25) if r0 > 0x30303030 goto pc+0
   R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=271581184,umax_value=271581311,var_off=(0x10300000;0x7f)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  9: (76) if w0 s>= 0x303030 goto pc+2
  12: (95) exit

  from 8 to 9: safe

  from 5 to 6: R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=808464432,umax_value=5103431727,var_off=(0x30303020;0x10000001f)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  6: (07) r0 += -2144337872
  7: (14) w0 -= -1607454672
  8: (25) if r0 > 0x30303030 goto pc+0
   R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=271581184,umax_value=271581311,var_off=(0x10300000;0x7f)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  9: safe

  from 8 to 9: safe
  verification time 589 usec
  stack depth 0
  processed 17 insns (limit 1000000) [...]

The underlying program was xlated as follows:

  # bpftool p d x i 9
   0: (b7) r0 = 808464432
   1: (7f) r0 >>= r0
   2: (14) w0 -= 808464432
   3: (07) r0 += 808464432
   4: (b7) r1 = 808464432
   5: (de) if w1 s<= w0 goto pc+0
   6: (07) r0 += -2144337872
   7: (14) w0 -= -1607454672
   8: (25) if r0 > 0x30303030 goto pc+0
   9: (76) if w0 s>= 0x303030 goto pc+2
  10: (05) goto pc-1
  11: (05) goto pc-1
  12: (95) exit

The verifier rewrote original instructions it recognized as dead code with
'goto pc-1', but reality differs from verifier simulation in that we're
actually able to trigger a hang due to hitting the 'goto pc-1' instructions.

Taking different examples to make the issue more obvious: in this example
we're probing bounds on a completely unknown scalar variable in r1:

  [...]
  5: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R10=fp0
  5: (18) r2 = 0x4000000000
  7: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R2_w=inv274877906944 R10=fp0
  7: (18) r3 = 0x2000000000
  9: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R2_w=inv274877906944 R3_w=inv137438953472 R10=fp0
  9: (18) r4 = 0x400
  11: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R2_w=inv274877906944 R3_w=inv137438953472 R4_w=inv1024 R10=fp0
  11: (18) r5 = 0x200
  13: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R2_w=inv274877906944 R3_w=inv137438953472 R4_w=inv1024 R5_w=inv512 R10=fp0
  13: (2d) if r1 > r2 goto pc+4
   R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffffff)) R2_w=inv274877906944 R3_w=inv137438953472 R4_w=inv1024 R5_w=inv512 R10=fp0
  14: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffffff)) R2_w=inv274877906944 R3_w=inv137438953472 R4_w=inv1024 R5_w=inv512 R10=fp0
  14: (ad) if r1 < r3 goto pc+3
   R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=137438953472,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffffff)) R2_w=inv274877906944 R3_w=inv137438953472 R4_w=inv1024 R5_w=inv512 R10=fp0
  15: R0=inv1 R1=inv(id=0,umin_value=137438953472,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffffff)) R2=inv274877906944 R3=inv137438953472 R4=inv1024 R5=inv512 R10=fp0
  15: (2e) if w1 > w4 goto pc+2
   R0=inv1 R1=inv(id=0,umin_value=137438953472,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7f00000000)) R2=inv274877906944 R3=inv137438953472 R4=inv1024 R5=inv512 R10=fp0
  16: R0=inv1 R1=inv(id=0,umin_value=137438953472,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7f00000000)) R2=inv274877906944 R3=inv137438953472 R4=inv1024 R5=inv512 R10=fp0
  16: (ae) if w1 < w5 goto pc+1
   R0=inv1 R1=inv(id=0,umin_value=137438953472,umax_value=274877906944,var_off=(0x0; 0x7f00000000)) R2=inv274877906944 R3=inv137438953472 R4=inv1024 R5=inv512 R10=fp0
  [...]

We're first probing lower/upper bounds via jmp64, later we do a similar
check via jmp32 and examine the resulting var_off there. After fall-through
in insn 14, we get the following bounded r1 with 0x7fffffffff unknown marked
bits in the variable section.

Thus, after knowing r1 <= 0x4000000000 and r1 >= 0x2000000000:

  max: 0b100000000000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x4000000000
  var: 0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111 / 0x7fffffffff
  min: 0b010000000000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x2000000000

Now, in insn 15 and 16, we perform a similar probe with lower/upper bounds
in jmp32.

Thus, after knowing r1 <= 0x4000000000 and r1 >= 0x2000000000 and
                    w1 <= 0x400        and w1 >= 0x200:

  max: 0b100000000000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x4000000000
  var: 0b111111100000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x7f00000000
  min: 0b010000000000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x2000000000

The lower/upper bounds haven't changed since they have high bits set in
u64 space and the jmp32 tests can only refine bounds in the low bits.

However, for the var part the expectation would have been 0x7f000007ff
or something less precise up to 0x7fffffffff. A outcome of 0x7f00000000
is not correct since it would contradict the earlier probed bounds
where we know that the result should have been in [0x200,0x400] in u32
space. Therefore, tests with such info will lead to wrong verifier
assumptions later on like falsely predicting conditional jumps to be
always taken, etc.

The issue here is that __reg_bound_offset32()'s implementation from
commit 581738a681b6 ("bpf: Provide better register bounds after jmp32
instructions") makes an incorrect range assumption:

  static void __reg_bound_offset32(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
  {
        u64 mask = 0xffffFFFF;
        struct tnum range = tnum_range(reg->umin_value & mask,
                                       reg->umax_value & mask);
        struct tnum lo32 = tnum_cast(reg->var_off, 4);
        struct tnum hi32 = tnum_lshift(tnum_rshift(reg->var_off, 32), 32);

        reg->var_off = tnum_or(hi32, tnum_intersect(lo32, range));
  }

In the above walk-through example, __reg_bound_offset32() as-is chose
a range after masking with 0xffffffff of [0x0,0x0] since umin:0x2000000000
and umax:0x4000000000 and therefore the lo32 part was clamped to 0x0 as
well. However, in the umin:0x2000000000 and umax:0x4000000000 range above
we'd end up with an actual possible interval of [0x0,0xffffffff] for u32
space instead.

In case of the original reproducer, the situation looked as follows at
insn 5 for r0:

  [...]
  5: R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=808464432,umax_value=5103431727,var_off=(0x0; 0x1ffffffff)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
                               0x30303030           0x13030302f
  5: (de) if w1 s<= w0 goto pc+0
   R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=808464432,umax_value=5103431727,var_off=(0x30303020; 0x10000001f)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
                             0x30303030           0x13030302f
  [...]

After the fall-through, we similarly forced the var_off result into
the wrong range [0x30303030,0x3030302f] suggesting later on that fixed
bits must only be of 0x30303020 with 0x10000001f unknowns whereas such
assumption can only be made when both bounds in hi32 range match.

Originally, I was thinking to fix this by moving reg into a temp reg and
use proper coerce_reg_to_size() helper on the temp reg where we can then
based on that define the range tnum for later intersection:

  static void __reg_bound_offset32(struct bpf_reg_state *reg)
  {
        struct bpf_reg_state tmp = *reg;
        struct tnum lo32, hi32, range;

        coerce_reg_to_size(&tmp, 4);
        range = tnum_range(tmp.umin_value, tmp.umax_value);
        lo32 = tnum_cast(reg->var_off, 4);
        hi32 = tnum_lshift(tnum_rshift(reg->var_off, 32), 32);
        reg->var_off = tnum_or(hi32, tnum_intersect(lo32, range));
  }

In the case of the concrete example, this gives us a more conservative unknown
section. Thus, after knowing r1 <= 0x4000000000 and r1 >= 0x2000000000 and
                             w1 <= 0x400        and w1 >= 0x200:

  max: 0b100000000000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x4000000000
  var: 0b111111111111111111111111111111111111111 / 0x7fffffffff
  min: 0b010000000000000000000000000000000000000 / 0x2000000000

However, above new __reg_bound_offset32() has no effect on refining the
knowledge of the register contents. Meaning, if the bounds in hi32 range
mismatch we'll get the identity function given the range reg spans
[0x0,0xffffffff] and we cast var_off into lo32 only to later on binary
or it again with the hi32.

Likewise, if the bounds in hi32 range match, then we mask both bounds
with 0xffffffff, use the resulting umin/umax for the range to later
intersect the lo32 with it. However, _prior_ called __reg_bound_offset()
did already such intersection on the full reg and we therefore would only
repeat the same operation on the lo32 part twice.

Given this has no effect and the original commit had false assumptions,
this patch reverts the code entirely which is also more straight forward
for stable trees: apparently 581738a681b6 got auto-selected by Sasha's
ML system and misclassified as a fix, so it got sucked into v5.4 where
it should never have landed. A revert is low-risk also from a user PoV
since it requires a recent kernel and llc to opt-into -mcpu=v3 BPF CPU
to generate jmp32 instructions. A proper bounds refinement would need a
significantly more complex approach which is currently being worked, but
no stable material [0]. Hence revert is best option for stable. After the
revert, the original reported program gets rejected as follows:

  1: (7f) r0 >>= r0
  2: (14) w0 -= 808464432
  3: (07) r0 += 808464432
  4: (b7) r1 = 808464432
  5: (de) if w1 s<= w0 goto pc+0
   R0_w=invP(id=0,umin_value=808464432,umax_value=5103431727,var_off=(0x0; 0x1ffffffff)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  6: (07) r0 += -2144337872
  7: (14) w0 -= -1607454672
  8: (25) if r0 > 0x30303030 goto pc+0
   R0_w=invP(id=0,umax_value=808464432,var_off=(0x0; 0x3fffffff)) R1_w=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  9: (76) if w0 s>= 0x303030 goto pc+2
   R0=invP(id=0,umax_value=3158063,var_off=(0x0; 0x3fffff)) R1=invP808464432 R10=fp0
  10: (30) r0 = *(u8 *)skb[808464432]
  BPF_LD_[ABS|IND] uses reserved fields
  processed 11 insns (limit 1000000) [...]

  [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/158507130343.15666.8018068546764556975.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower/T/

Fixes: 581738a681b6 ("bpf: Provide better register bounds after jmp32 instructions")
Reported-by: Anatoly Trosinenko <anatoly.trosinenko@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I50e7e8f4af98edc8faa0a4c6b5d4fa5ed561e822
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200330160324.15259-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2025-12-23 13:36:10 -08:00
android
arch BACKPORT: bpf: Introduce BPF_MODIFY_RETURN 2025-12-23 13:36:01 -08:00
block Merge tag 'ASB-2025-12-01_11-5.4' of https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-12-04 19:21:35 +02:00
certs
crypto Merge tag 'ASB-2025-12-01_11-5.4' of https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-12-04 19:21:35 +02:00
Documentation UPSTREAM: ftrace: Introduce PERMANENT ftrace_ops flag 2025-12-23 13:35:45 -08:00
drivers UPSTREAM: bpf, xdp: Remove no longer required rcu_read_{un}lock() 2025-12-23 13:35:55 -08:00
fs UPSTREAM: fs/nsfs.c: Added ns_match 2025-12-23 13:36:04 -08:00
include UPSTREAM: bpf: lsm: Implement attach, detach and execution 2025-12-23 13:36:10 -08:00
init BACKPORT: bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM 2025-12-23 13:36:09 -08:00
ipc
kernel UPSTREAM: bpf: Undo incorrect __reg_bound_offset32 handling 2025-12-23 13:36:10 -08:00
lib UPSTREAM: bpf/tests: Use migrate disable instead of preempt disable 2025-12-23 13:35:58 -08:00
LICENSES
mm BACKPORT: bpf: Add mmap() support for BPF_MAP_TYPE_ARRAY 2025-12-23 13:35:42 -08:00
net UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix build warning regarding missing prototypes 2025-12-23 13:36:09 -08:00
samples UPSTREAM: devmap: Adjust tracepoint for map-less queue flush 2025-12-23 13:35:54 -08:00
scripts BACKPORT: bpf: Added new helper bpf_get_ns_current_pid_tgid 2025-12-23 13:36:04 -08:00
security BACKPORT: security: Refactor declaration of LSM hooks 2025-12-23 13:36:10 -08:00
sound Merge branch 'android11-5.4-lts' of https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-12-11 01:41:51 -08:00
techpack
tools BACKPORT: bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM 2025-12-23 13:36:09 -08:00
usr
virt
.clang-format
.cocciconfig
.get_maintainer.ignore
.gitattributes
.gitignore
.mailmap
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build.config.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig
build.config.allmodconfig.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig.arm
build.config.allmodconfig.x86_64
build.config.arm
build.config.common
build.config.db845c
build.config.gki
build.config.gki-debug.aarch64
build.config.gki-debug.x86_64
build.config.gki.aarch64
build.config.gki.x86_64
build.config.gki_kasan
build.config.gki_kasan.aarch64
build.config.gki_kasan.x86_64
build.config.gki_kprobes
build.config.gki_kprobes.aarch64
build.config.gki_kprobes.x86_64
build.config.hikey960
build.config.msm.common
build.config.msm.gki
build.config.msm.lahaina
build.config.x86_64
build.targets
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LICENSE
MAINTAINERS BACKPORT: bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM 2025-12-23 13:36:09 -08:00
Makefile Merge branch 'android11-5.4-lts' of https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-12-11 01:41:51 -08:00
modules.list.msm.lahaina
OWNERS
README
README.md

How do I submit patches to Android Common Kernels

  1. BEST: Make all of your changes to upstream Linux. If appropriate, backport to the stable releases. These patches will be merged automatically in the corresponding common kernels. If the patch is already in upstream Linux, post a backport of the patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

  2. LESS GOOD: Develop your patches out-of-tree (from an upstream Linux point-of-view). Unless these are fixing an Android-specific bug, these are very unlikely to be accepted unless they have been coordinated with kernel-team@android.com. If you want to proceed, post a patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

Common Kernel patch requirements

  • All patches must conform to the Linux kernel coding standards and pass script/checkpatch.pl
  • Patches shall not break gki_defconfig or allmodconfig builds for arm, arm64, x86, x86_64 architectures (see https://source.android.com/setup/build/building-kernels)
  • If the patch is not merged from an upstream branch, the subject must be tagged with the type of patch: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:, FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:, or ANDROID:.
  • All patches must have a Change-Id: tag (see https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-changeid.html)
  • If an Android bug has been assigned, there must be a Bug: tag.
  • All patches must have a Signed-off-by: tag by the author and the submitter

Additional requirements are listed below based on patch type

Requirements for backports from mainline Linux: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:

  • If the patch is a cherry-pick from Linux mainline with no changes at all
    • tag the patch subject with UPSTREAM:.
    • add upstream commit information with a (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
      • if the upstream commit message is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        UPSTREAM: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch requires any changes from the upstream version, tag the patch with BACKPORT: instead of UPSTREAM:.
    • use the same tags as UPSTREAM:
    • add comments about the changes under the (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
        BACKPORT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        [ Resolved minor conflict in drivers/foo/bar.c ]
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for other backports: FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:,

  • If the patch has been merged into an upstream maintainer tree, but has not yet been merged into Linux mainline
    • tag the patch subject with FROMGIT:
    • add info on where the patch came from as (cherry picked from commit <sha1> <repo> <branch>). This must be a stable maintainer branch (not rebased, so don't use linux-next for example).
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMGIT:
    • Example:
      • if the commit message in the maintainer tree is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        FROMGIT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        (cherry picked from commit 878a2fd9de10b03d11d2f622250285c7e63deace
         https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/foo/bar.git test-branch)
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch has been submitted to LKML, but not accepted into any maintainer tree
    • tag the patch subject with FROMLIST:
    • add a Link: tag with a link to the submittal on lore.kernel.org
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMLIST:
    • Example:
        FROMLIST: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190619171517.GA17557@someone.com/
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for Android-specific patches: ANDROID:

  • If the patch is fixing a bug to Android-specific code
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Fixes: tag that cites the patch with the bug
    • Example:
        ANDROID: fix android-specific bug in foobar.c

        This is the detailed description of the important fix

        Fixes: 1234abcd2468 ("foobar: add cool feature")
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch is a new feature
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Bug: tag with the Android bug (required for android-specific features)

Vibrator driver for HHG device

How to merge the driver into kernel source tree

  1. Copy ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-aksys.c into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/

  2. Compare and merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_QUALCOMM  0x0a12
    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_TEMP_HHG_AKSY 0x1234
    	#define USB_PRODUCT_ID_AKSYS_HHG  0x1000
    
  3. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Kconfig into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Kconfig : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    config HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	tristate "AKSys gamepad USB adapter support"
    	depends on HID
    	---help---
    	Support for AKSys gamepad USB adapter
    
    config AKSYS_QRD_FF
    	bool "AKSys gamepad USB adapter force feedback support"
    	depends on HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	select INPUT_FF_MEMLESS
    	---help---
    	Say Y here if you have a AKSys gamepad USB adapter and want to
    	enable force feedback support for it.
    
  4. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Makefile into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Makefile : Add the following code at the end of this file

    obj-$(CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD)	+= hid-aksys.o
    
  5. Modify your kernel's default build configuration file. Add the following two lines:

    CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD=m
    CONFIG_AKSYS_QRD_FF=y