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Filename Latest commit message Latest commit date
Nathan Chancellor ae1cc25c5a
kbuild: Remove support for Clang's ThinLTO caching
There is an issue in clang's ThinLTO caching (enabled for the kernel via
'--thinlto-cache-dir') with .incbin, which the kernel occasionally uses
to include data within the kernel, such as the .config file for
/proc/config.gz. For example, when changing the .config and rebuilding
vmlinux, the copy of .config in vmlinux does not match the copy of
.config in the build folder:

  $ echo 'CONFIG_LTO_NONE=n
  CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN=y
  CONFIG_IKCONFIG=y
  CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL=y' >kernel/configs/repro.config

  $ make -skj"$(nproc)" ARCH=x86_64 LLVM=1 clean defconfig repro.config vmlinux
  ...

  $ grep CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL .config
  CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL=y

  $ scripts/extract-ikconfig vmlinux | grep CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL
  CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL=y

  $ scripts/config -d HEADERS_INSTALL

  $ make -kj"$(nproc)" ARCH=x86_64 LLVM=1 vmlinux
  ...
    UPD     kernel/config_data
    GZIP    kernel/config_data.gz
    CC      kernel/configs.o
  ...
    LD      vmlinux
  ...

  $ grep CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL .config
  # CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL is not set

  $ scripts/extract-ikconfig vmlinux | grep CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL
  CONFIG_HEADERS_INSTALL=y

Without '--thinlto-cache-dir' or when using full LTO, this issue does
not occur.

Benchmarking incremental builds on a few different machines with and
without the cache shows a 20% increase in incremental build time without
the cache when measured by touching init/main.c and running 'make all'.

ARCH=arm64 defconfig + CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN=y on an arm64 host:

  Benchmark 1: With ThinLTO cache
    Time (mean ± σ):     56.347 s ±  0.163 s    [User: 83.768 s, System: 24.661 s]
    Range (min … max):   56.109 s … 56.594 s    10 runs

  Benchmark 2: Without ThinLTO cache
    Time (mean ± σ):     67.740 s ±  0.479 s    [User: 718.458 s, System: 31.797 s]
    Range (min … max):   67.059 s … 68.556 s    10 runs

  Summary
    With ThinLTO cache ran
      1.20 ± 0.01 times faster than Without ThinLTO cache

ARCH=x86_64 defconfig + CONFIG_LTO_CLANG_THIN=y on an x86_64 host:

  Benchmark 1: With ThinLTO cache
    Time (mean ± σ):     85.772 s ±  0.252 s    [User: 91.505 s, System: 8.408 s]
    Range (min … max):   85.447 s … 86.244 s    10 runs

  Benchmark 2: Without ThinLTO cache
    Time (mean ± σ):     103.833 s ±  0.288 s    [User: 232.058 s, System: 8.569 s]
    Range (min … max):   103.286 s … 104.124 s    10 runs

  Summary
    With ThinLTO cache ran
      1.21 ± 0.00 times faster than Without ThinLTO cache

While it is unfortunate to take this performance improvement off the
table, correctness is more important. If/when this is fixed in LLVM, it
can potentially be brought back in a conditional manner. Alternatively,
a developer can just disable LTO if doing incremental compiles quickly
is important, as a full compile cycle can still take over a minute even
with the cache and it is unlikely that LTO will result in functional
differences for a kernel change.

Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org
Fixes: dc5723b02e52 ("kbuild: add support for Clang LTO")
Reported-by: Yifan Hong <elsk@google.com>
Closes: https://github.com/ClangBuiltLinux/linux/issues/2021
Reported-by: Masami Hiramatsu <mhiramat@kernel.org>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20220327115526.cc4b0ff55fc53c97683c3e4d@kernel.org/
Signed-off-by: Nathan Chancellor <nathan@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Masahiro Yamada <masahiroy@kernel.org>
Change-Id: I5e416fd740e48f2e3920d9d6917a600f179e4885
2026-05-29 22:07:02 +00:00
android Merge android11-5.4.302(91d385eb) into msm-5.4 2026-01-30 11:41:11 +05:30
arch ANDROID: Add FUSE_BPF to gki_defconfig 2026-05-13 04:24:06 +00:00
block BACKPORT: bdi: initialize ->ra_pages and ->io_pages in bdi_init 2026-05-08 21:46:13 +02:00
certs
crypto BACKPORT: crypto: lib/sha1 - rename "sha" to "sha1" 2025-12-23 13:36:17 -08:00
Documentation UPSTREAM: ANDROID: fuse-bpf: Add /sys/fs flags for fuse-bpf version 2026-05-08 21:46:18 +02:00
drivers BACKPORT: dma-buf: return success for cmo of dummy clients 2026-05-29 17:59:14 +00:00
fs ANDROID: fuse: Open-code vma_set_file() logic in fuse_backing_mmap() 2026-05-08 21:46:20 +02:00
include BACKPORT: ANDROID: fuse-bpf: Use fuse_bpf_args in uapi 2026-05-08 21:46:17 +02:00
init UPSTREAM: random: split initialization into early step and later step 2026-05-07 17:24:10 +03:00
ipc ipc: adjust proc_ipc_sem_dointvec definition to match prototype 2026-02-01 20:37:47 -08:00
kernel Reapply "UPSTREAM: seccomp: Remove bogus __user annotations" 2026-05-12 12:10:45 +02:00
lib FROMGIT: kfence: await for allocation using wait_event 2026-05-07 17:24:08 +03:00
LICENSES
mm BACKPORT: bdi: initialize ->ra_pages and ->io_pages in bdi_init 2026-05-08 21:46:13 +02:00
net BACKPORT: compat_ioctl: move more drivers to compat_ptr_ioctl 2026-05-08 21:46:20 +02:00
samples UPSTREAM: devmap: Adjust tracepoint for map-less queue flush 2025-12-23 13:35:54 -08:00
scripts Makefile: use -z pack-relative-relocs 2026-05-29 22:07:01 +00:00
security BACKPORT: bpf: Add lockdown check for probe_write_user helper 2026-02-01 20:44:42 -08:00
sound Merge android11-5.4.302(91d385eb) into msm-5.4 2026-01-30 11:41:11 +05:30
techpack disp: msm: Avoid UB in VBIF register shift calculation 2026-05-26 12:07:55 +00:00
tools UPSTREAM: kselftest: add support for skipped tests 2026-05-07 17:24:06 +03:00
usr Merge android11-5.4.302(91d385eb) into msm-5.4 2026-01-30 11:41:11 +05:30
virt
.clang-format
.cocciconfig
.get_maintainer.ignore
.gitattributes
.gitignore
.mailmap
Android.mk
Androidbp
build.config.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig
build.config.allmodconfig.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig.arm
build.config.allmodconfig.x86_64
build.config.arm
build.config.common
build.config.db845c
build.config.gki
build.config.gki-debug.aarch64
build.config.gki-debug.x86_64
build.config.gki.aarch64
build.config.gki.x86_64
build.config.gki_kasan
build.config.gki_kasan.aarch64
build.config.gki_kasan.x86_64
build.config.gki_kprobes
build.config.gki_kprobes.aarch64
build.config.gki_kprobes.x86_64
build.config.hikey960
build.config.msm.common
build.config.msm.gki
build.config.msm.lahaina
build.config.x86_64
build.targets
COPYING
CREDITS
gen_headers_arm.bp
gen_headers_arm64.bp
gen_headers_arm64_auto.bp
gen_headers_arm_auto.bp
Kbuild
Kconfig
kernel_headers.py
LICENSE
MAINTAINERS UPSTREAM: fuse: update project homepage 2026-05-08 21:46:12 +02:00
Makefile kbuild: Remove support for Clang's ThinLTO caching 2026-05-29 22:07:02 +00:00
modules.list.msm.lahaina
OWNERS
README
README.md

How do I submit patches to Android Common Kernels

  1. BEST: Make all of your changes to upstream Linux. If appropriate, backport to the stable releases. These patches will be merged automatically in the corresponding common kernels. If the patch is already in upstream Linux, post a backport of the patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

  2. LESS GOOD: Develop your patches out-of-tree (from an upstream Linux point-of-view). Unless these are fixing an Android-specific bug, these are very unlikely to be accepted unless they have been coordinated with kernel-team@android.com. If you want to proceed, post a patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

Common Kernel patch requirements

  • All patches must conform to the Linux kernel coding standards and pass script/checkpatch.pl
  • Patches shall not break gki_defconfig or allmodconfig builds for arm, arm64, x86, x86_64 architectures (see https://source.android.com/setup/build/building-kernels)
  • If the patch is not merged from an upstream branch, the subject must be tagged with the type of patch: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:, FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:, or ANDROID:.
  • All patches must have a Change-Id: tag (see https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-changeid.html)
  • If an Android bug has been assigned, there must be a Bug: tag.
  • All patches must have a Signed-off-by: tag by the author and the submitter

Additional requirements are listed below based on patch type

Requirements for backports from mainline Linux: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:

  • If the patch is a cherry-pick from Linux mainline with no changes at all
    • tag the patch subject with UPSTREAM:.
    • add upstream commit information with a (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
      • if the upstream commit message is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        UPSTREAM: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch requires any changes from the upstream version, tag the patch with BACKPORT: instead of UPSTREAM:.
    • use the same tags as UPSTREAM:
    • add comments about the changes under the (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
        BACKPORT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        [ Resolved minor conflict in drivers/foo/bar.c ]
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for other backports: FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:,

  • If the patch has been merged into an upstream maintainer tree, but has not yet been merged into Linux mainline
    • tag the patch subject with FROMGIT:
    • add info on where the patch came from as (cherry picked from commit <sha1> <repo> <branch>). This must be a stable maintainer branch (not rebased, so don't use linux-next for example).
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMGIT:
    • Example:
      • if the commit message in the maintainer tree is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        FROMGIT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        (cherry picked from commit 878a2fd9de10b03d11d2f622250285c7e63deace
         https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/foo/bar.git test-branch)
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch has been submitted to LKML, but not accepted into any maintainer tree
    • tag the patch subject with FROMLIST:
    • add a Link: tag with a link to the submittal on lore.kernel.org
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMLIST:
    • Example:
        FROMLIST: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190619171517.GA17557@someone.com/
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for Android-specific patches: ANDROID:

  • If the patch is fixing a bug to Android-specific code
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Fixes: tag that cites the patch with the bug
    • Example:
        ANDROID: fix android-specific bug in foobar.c

        This is the detailed description of the important fix

        Fixes: 1234abcd2468 ("foobar: add cool feature")
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch is a new feature
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Bug: tag with the Android bug (required for android-specific features)

Vibrator driver for HHG device

How to merge the driver into kernel source tree

  1. Copy ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-aksys.c into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/

  2. Compare and merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_QUALCOMM  0x0a12
    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_TEMP_HHG_AKSY 0x1234
    	#define USB_PRODUCT_ID_AKSYS_HHG  0x1000
    
  3. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Kconfig into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Kconfig : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    config HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	tristate "AKSys gamepad USB adapter support"
    	depends on HID
    	---help---
    	Support for AKSys gamepad USB adapter
    
    config AKSYS_QRD_FF
    	bool "AKSys gamepad USB adapter force feedback support"
    	depends on HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	select INPUT_FF_MEMLESS
    	---help---
    	Say Y here if you have a AKSys gamepad USB adapter and want to
    	enable force feedback support for it.
    
  4. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Makefile into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Makefile : Add the following code at the end of this file

    obj-$(CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD)	+= hid-aksys.o
    
  5. Modify your kernel's default build configuration file. Add the following two lines:

    CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD=m
    CONFIG_AKSYS_QRD_FF=y