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Filename Latest commit message Latest commit date
Adrian Reber ef8a66d0ee UPSTREAM: capabilities: Introduce CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE
This patch introduces CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE, a new capability facilitating
checkpoint/restore for non-root users.

Over the last years, The CRIU (Checkpoint/Restore In Userspace) team has
been asked numerous times if it is possible to checkpoint/restore a
process as non-root. The answer usually was: 'almost'.

The main blocker to restore a process as non-root was to control the PID
of the restored process. This feature available via the clone3 system
call, or via /proc/sys/kernel/ns_last_pid is unfortunately guarded by
CAP_SYS_ADMIN.

In the past two years, requests for non-root checkpoint/restore have
increased due to the following use cases:
* Checkpoint/Restore in an HPC environment in combination with a
  resource manager distributing jobs where users are always running as
  non-root. There is a desire to provide a way to checkpoint and
  restore long running jobs.
* Container migration as non-root
* We have been in contact with JVM developers who are integrating
  CRIU into a Java VM to decrease the startup time. These
  checkpoint/restore applications are not meant to be running with
  CAP_SYS_ADMIN.

We have seen the following workarounds:
* Use a setuid wrapper around CRIU:
  See https://github.com/FredHutch/slurm-examples/blob/master/checkpointer/lib/checkpointer/checkpointer-suid.c
* Use a setuid helper that writes to ns_last_pid.
  Unfortunately, this helper delegation technique is impossible to use
  with clone3, and is thus prone to races.
  See https://github.com/twosigma/set_ns_last_pid
* Cycle through PIDs with fork() until the desired PID is reached:
  This has been demonstrated to work with cycling rates of 100,000 PIDs/s
  See https://github.com/twosigma/set_ns_last_pid
* Patch out the CAP_SYS_ADMIN check from the kernel
* Run the desired application in a new user and PID namespace to provide
  a local CAP_SYS_ADMIN for controlling PIDs. This technique has limited
  use in typical container environments (e.g., Kubernetes) as /proc is
  typically protected with read-only layers (e.g., /proc/sys) for
  hardening purposes. Read-only layers prevent additional /proc mounts
  (due to proc's SB_I_USERNS_VISIBLE property), making the use of new
  PID namespaces limited as certain applications need access to /proc
  matching their PID namespace.

The introduced capability allows to:
* Control PIDs when the current user is CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE capable
  for the corresponding PID namespace via ns_last_pid/clone3.
* Open files in /proc/pid/map_files when the current user is
  CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE capable in the root namespace, useful for
  recovering files that are unreachable via the file system such as
  deleted files, or memfd files.

See corresponding selftest for an example with clone3().

Change-Id: Ia9ae3fc9a698e37774be945bac5a7d2a0d640cbc
Signed-off-by: Adrian Reber <areber@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Nicolas Viennot <Nicolas.Viennot@twosigma.com>
Reviewed-by: Serge Hallyn <serge@hallyn.com>
Acked-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20200719100418.2112740-2-areber@redhat.com
Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <christian.brauner@ubuntu.com>
Signed-off-by: ralph950412 <ralph950412@gmail.com>
2026-07-09 09:06:38 -04:00
android Merge android11-5.4.302(91d385eb) into msm-5.4 2026-01-30 11:41:11 +05:30
arch ANDROID: Add FUSE_BPF to gki_defconfig 2026-05-13 04:24:06 +00:00
block BACKPORT: bdi: initialize ->ra_pages and ->io_pages in bdi_init 2026-05-08 21:46:13 +02:00
certs certs/blacklist_hashes.c: fix const confusion in certs blacklist 2022-06-22 14:11:22 +02:00
crypto BACKPORT: crypto: lib/sha1 - rename "sha" to "sha1" 2025-12-23 13:36:17 -08:00
Documentation UPSTREAM: ANDROID: fuse-bpf: Add /sys/fs flags for fuse-bpf version 2026-05-08 21:46:18 +02:00
drivers drivers: staging: qca-wifi-host-cmn: Fix implicit-enum-enum-cast errors 2026-06-24 21:58:50 -04:00
fs ANDROID: fuse: Open-code vma_set_file() logic in fuse_backing_mmap() 2026-05-08 21:46:20 +02:00
include UPSTREAM: capabilities: Introduce CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE 2026-07-09 09:06:38 -04:00
init UPSTREAM: random: split initialization into early step and later step 2026-05-07 17:24:10 +03:00
ipc ipc: adjust proc_ipc_sem_dointvec definition to match prototype 2026-02-01 20:37:47 -08:00
kernel UPSTREAM: fork: extend clone3() to support setting a PID 2026-07-09 09:06:38 -04:00
lib FROMGIT: kfence: await for allocation using wait_event 2026-05-07 17:24:08 +03:00
LICENSES
mm BACKPORT: bdi: initialize ->ra_pages and ->io_pages in bdi_init 2026-05-08 21:46:13 +02:00
net BACKPORT: compat_ioctl: move more drivers to compat_ptr_ioctl 2026-05-08 21:46:20 +02:00
samples UPSTREAM: devmap: Adjust tracepoint for map-less queue flush 2025-12-23 13:35:54 -08:00
scripts Makefile: use -z pack-relative-relocs 2026-05-29 22:07:01 +00:00
security UPSTREAM: capabilities: Introduce CAP_CHECKPOINT_RESTORE 2026-07-09 09:06:38 -04:00
sound Merge android11-5.4.302(91d385eb) into msm-5.4 2026-01-30 11:41:11 +05:30
techpack techpack: display: msm: sde: Fix uninitialized errors 2026-06-24 21:58:49 -04:00
tools UPSTREAM: selftests: add tests for clone3() with *set_tid 2026-07-09 09:06:38 -04:00
usr Merge android11-5.4.302(91d385eb) into msm-5.4 2026-01-30 11:41:11 +05:30
virt KVM: arm64: Ignore PMCNTENSET_EL0 while checking for overflow status 2024-12-19 18:05:04 +01:00
.clang-format
.cocciconfig
.get_maintainer.ignore
.gitattributes
.gitignore Merge tag 'ASB-2024-12-05_11-5.4' of https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common into android13-5.4-lahaina 2024-12-17 03:24:53 +02:00
.mailmap
Android.mk Android: Add empty Android.mk file 2022-05-19 00:06:12 +03:00
Androidbp headers_lib: rename Android.bp 2022-05-19 00:06:15 +03:00
build.config.aarch64 ANDROID: remove more stale variables from build.config files 2022-11-14 19:50:35 +02:00
build.config.allmodconfig Revert "ANDROID: Kbuild, LLVMLinux: allow overriding clang target triple" 2022-11-14 03:04:01 +02:00
build.config.allmodconfig.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig.arm
build.config.allmodconfig.x86_64
build.config.arm ANDROID: remove more stale variables from build.config files 2022-11-14 19:50:35 +02:00
build.config.common ANDROID: build.config.common: enable LLVM=1 2022-11-14 03:04:00 +02:00
build.config.db845c ANDROID: db845c: Enable device tree overlay support 2024-01-13 10:38:25 +05:30
build.config.gki
build.config.gki-debug.aarch64
build.config.gki-debug.x86_64
build.config.gki.aarch64 ANDROID: GKI: add Trimble symbol list 2025-01-16 06:41:15 -08:00
build.config.gki.x86_64
build.config.gki_kasan
build.config.gki_kasan.aarch64
build.config.gki_kasan.x86_64
build.config.gki_kprobes
build.config.gki_kprobes.aarch64
build.config.gki_kprobes.x86_64
build.config.hikey960
build.config.msm.common
build.config.msm.gki
build.config.msm.lahaina
build.config.x86_64 ANDROID: remove more stale variables from build.config files 2022-11-14 19:50:35 +02:00
build.targets
COPYING
CREDITS
gen_headers_arm.bp Merge android11-5.4.249+ (d57e792) into msm-5.4 2023-09-28 16:45:28 +05:30
gen_headers_arm64.bp Merge android11-5.4.249+ (d57e792) into msm-5.4 2023-09-28 16:45:28 +05:30
gen_headers_arm64_auto.bp
gen_headers_arm_auto.bp
Kbuild
Kconfig
kernel_headers.py
LICENSE
MAINTAINERS UPSTREAM: tests: test CLONE_CLEAR_SIGHAND 2026-07-09 09:06:38 -04:00
Makefile kbuild: Remove support for Clang's ThinLTO caching 2026-05-29 22:07:02 +00:00
modules.list.msm.lahaina
OWNERS ANDROID: Use GKI Dr. No OWNERS file 2023-12-04 13:28:17 +00:00
README
README.md

How do I submit patches to Android Common Kernels

  1. BEST: Make all of your changes to upstream Linux. If appropriate, backport to the stable releases. These patches will be merged automatically in the corresponding common kernels. If the patch is already in upstream Linux, post a backport of the patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

  2. LESS GOOD: Develop your patches out-of-tree (from an upstream Linux point-of-view). Unless these are fixing an Android-specific bug, these are very unlikely to be accepted unless they have been coordinated with kernel-team@android.com. If you want to proceed, post a patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

Common Kernel patch requirements

  • All patches must conform to the Linux kernel coding standards and pass script/checkpatch.pl
  • Patches shall not break gki_defconfig or allmodconfig builds for arm, arm64, x86, x86_64 architectures (see https://source.android.com/setup/build/building-kernels)
  • If the patch is not merged from an upstream branch, the subject must be tagged with the type of patch: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:, FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:, or ANDROID:.
  • All patches must have a Change-Id: tag (see https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-changeid.html)
  • If an Android bug has been assigned, there must be a Bug: tag.
  • All patches must have a Signed-off-by: tag by the author and the submitter

Additional requirements are listed below based on patch type

Requirements for backports from mainline Linux: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:

  • If the patch is a cherry-pick from Linux mainline with no changes at all
    • tag the patch subject with UPSTREAM:.
    • add upstream commit information with a (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
      • if the upstream commit message is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        UPSTREAM: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch requires any changes from the upstream version, tag the patch with BACKPORT: instead of UPSTREAM:.
    • use the same tags as UPSTREAM:
    • add comments about the changes under the (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
        BACKPORT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        [ Resolved minor conflict in drivers/foo/bar.c ]
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for other backports: FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:,

  • If the patch has been merged into an upstream maintainer tree, but has not yet been merged into Linux mainline
    • tag the patch subject with FROMGIT:
    • add info on where the patch came from as (cherry picked from commit <sha1> <repo> <branch>). This must be a stable maintainer branch (not rebased, so don't use linux-next for example).
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMGIT:
    • Example:
      • if the commit message in the maintainer tree is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        FROMGIT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        (cherry picked from commit 878a2fd9de10b03d11d2f622250285c7e63deace
         https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/foo/bar.git test-branch)
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch has been submitted to LKML, but not accepted into any maintainer tree
    • tag the patch subject with FROMLIST:
    • add a Link: tag with a link to the submittal on lore.kernel.org
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMLIST:
    • Example:
        FROMLIST: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190619171517.GA17557@someone.com/
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for Android-specific patches: ANDROID:

  • If the patch is fixing a bug to Android-specific code
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Fixes: tag that cites the patch with the bug
    • Example:
        ANDROID: fix android-specific bug in foobar.c

        This is the detailed description of the important fix

        Fixes: 1234abcd2468 ("foobar: add cool feature")
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch is a new feature
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Bug: tag with the Android bug (required for android-specific features)

Vibrator driver for HHG device

How to merge the driver into kernel source tree

  1. Copy ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-aksys.c into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/

  2. Compare and merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_QUALCOMM  0x0a12
    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_TEMP_HHG_AKSY 0x1234
    	#define USB_PRODUCT_ID_AKSYS_HHG  0x1000
    
  3. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Kconfig into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Kconfig : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    config HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	tristate "AKSys gamepad USB adapter support"
    	depends on HID
    	---help---
    	Support for AKSys gamepad USB adapter
    
    config AKSYS_QRD_FF
    	bool "AKSys gamepad USB adapter force feedback support"
    	depends on HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	select INPUT_FF_MEMLESS
    	---help---
    	Say Y here if you have a AKSys gamepad USB adapter and want to
    	enable force feedback support for it.
    
  4. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Makefile into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Makefile : Add the following code at the end of this file

    obj-$(CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD)	+= hid-aksys.o
    
  5. Modify your kernel's default build configuration file. Add the following two lines:

    CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD=m
    CONFIG_AKSYS_QRD_FF=y