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Filename Latest commit message Latest commit date
Eduard Zingerman fb192cfda9
BACKPORT: bpf: Allow reads from uninit stack
commit 6715df8d5d24655b9fd368e904028112b54c7de1 upstream.

This commits updates the following functions to allow reads from
uninitialized stack locations when env->allow_uninit_stack option is
enabled:
- check_stack_read_fixed_off()
- check_stack_range_initialized(), called from:
  - check_stack_read_var_off()
  - check_helper_mem_access()

Such change allows to relax logic in stacksafe() to treat STACK_MISC
and STACK_INVALID in a same way and make the following stack slot
configurations equivalent:

  |  Cached state    |  Current state   |
  |   stack slot     |   stack slot     |
  |------------------+------------------|
  | STACK_INVALID or | STACK_INVALID or |
  | STACK_MISC       | STACK_SPILL   or |
  |                  | STACK_MISC    or |
  |                  | STACK_ZERO    or |
  |                  | STACK_DYNPTR     |

This leads to significant verification speed gains (see below).

The idea was suggested by Andrii Nakryiko [1] and initial patch was
created by Alexei Starovoitov [2].

Currently the env->allow_uninit_stack is allowed for programs loaded
by users with CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN capabilities.

A number of test cases from verifier/*.c were expecting uninitialized
stack access to be an error. These test cases were updated to execute
in unprivileged mode (thus preserving the tests).

The test progs/test_global_func10.c expected "invalid indirect read
from stack" error message because of the access to uninitialized
memory region. This error is no longer possible in privileged mode.
The test is updated to provoke an error "invalid indirect access to
stack" because of access to invalid stack address (such error is not
verified by progs/test_global_func*.c series of tests).

The following tests had to be removed because these can't be made
unprivileged:
- verifier/sock.c:
  - "sk_storage_get(map, skb->sk, &stack_value, 1): partially init
  stack_value"
  BPF_PROG_TYPE_SCHED_CLS programs are not executed in unprivileged mode.
- verifier/var_off.c:
  - "indirect variable-offset stack access, max_off+size > max_initialized"
  - "indirect variable-offset stack access, uninitialized"
  These tests verify that access to uninitialized stack values is
  detected when stack offset is not a constant. However, variable
  stack access is prohibited in unprivileged mode, thus these tests
  are no longer valid.

 * * *

Here is veristat log comparing this patch with current master on a
set of selftest binaries listed in tools/testing/selftests/bpf/veristat.cfg
and cilium BPF binaries (see [3]):

$ ./veristat -e file,prog,states -C -f 'states_pct<-30' master.log current.log
File                        Program                     States (A)  States (B)  States    (DIFF)
--------------------------  --------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------------
bpf_host.o                  tail_handle_ipv6_from_host         349         244    -105 (-30.09%)
bpf_host.o                  tail_handle_nat_fwd_ipv4          1320         895    -425 (-32.20%)
bpf_lxc.o                   tail_handle_nat_fwd_ipv4          1320         895    -425 (-32.20%)
bpf_sock.o                  cil_sock4_connect                   70          48     -22 (-31.43%)
bpf_sock.o                  cil_sock4_sendmsg                   68          46     -22 (-32.35%)
bpf_xdp.o                   tail_handle_nat_fwd_ipv4          1554         803    -751 (-48.33%)
bpf_xdp.o                   tail_lb_ipv4                      6457        2473   -3984 (-61.70%)
bpf_xdp.o                   tail_lb_ipv6                      7249        3908   -3341 (-46.09%)
pyperf600_bpf_loop.bpf.o    on_event                           287         145    -142 (-49.48%)
strobemeta.bpf.o            on_event                         15915        4772  -11143 (-70.02%)
strobemeta_nounroll2.bpf.o  on_event                         17087        3820  -13267 (-77.64%)
xdp_synproxy_kern.bpf.o     syncookie_tc                     21271        6635  -14636 (-68.81%)
xdp_synproxy_kern.bpf.o     syncookie_xdp                    23122        6024  -17098 (-73.95%)
--------------------------  --------------------------  ----------  ----------  ----------------

Note: I limited selection by states_pct<-30%.

Inspection of differences in pyperf600_bpf_loop behavior shows that
the following patch for the test removes almost all differences:

    - a/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h
    + b/tools/testing/selftests/bpf/progs/pyperf.h
    @ -266,8 +266,8 @ int __on_event(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx)
            }

            if (event->pthread_match || !pidData->use_tls) {
    -               void* frame_ptr;
    -               FrameData frame;
    +               void* frame_ptr = 0;
    +               FrameData frame = {};
                    Symbol sym = {};
                    int cur_cpu = bpf_get_smp_processor_id();

W/o this patch the difference comes from the following pattern
(for different variables):

    static bool get_frame_data(... FrameData *frame ...)
    {
        ...
        bpf_probe_read_user(&frame->f_code, ...);
        if (!frame->f_code)
            return false;
        ...
        bpf_probe_read_user(&frame->co_name, ...);
        if (frame->co_name)
            ...;
    }

    int __on_event(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args *ctx)
    {
        FrameData frame;
        ...
        get_frame_data(... &frame ...) // indirectly via a bpf_loop & callback
        ...
    }

    SEC("raw_tracepoint/kfree_skb")
    int on_event(struct bpf_raw_tracepoint_args* ctx)
    {
        ...
        ret |= __on_event(ctx);
        ret |= __on_event(ctx);
        ...
    }

With regards to value `frame->co_name` the following is important:
- Because of the conditional `if (!frame->f_code)` each call to
  __on_event() produces two states, one with `frame->co_name` marked
  as STACK_MISC, another with it as is (and marked STACK_INVALID on a
  first call).
- The call to bpf_probe_read_user() does not mark stack slots
  corresponding to `&frame->co_name` as REG_LIVE_WRITTEN but it marks
  these slots as BPF_MISC, this happens because of the following loop
  in the check_helper_call():

	for (i = 0; i < meta.access_size; i++) {
		err = check_mem_access(env, insn_idx, meta.regno, i, BPF_B,
				       BPF_WRITE, -1, false);
		if (err)
			return err;
	}

  Note the size of the write, it is a one byte write for each byte
  touched by a helper. The BPF_B write does not lead to write marks
  for the target stack slot.
- Which means that w/o this patch when second __on_event() call is
  verified `if (frame->co_name)` will propagate read marks first to a
  stack slot with STACK_MISC marks and second to a stack slot with
  STACK_INVALID marks and these states would be considered different.

[1] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAEf4BzY3e+ZuC6HUa8dCiUovQRg2SzEk7M-dSkqNZyn=xEmnPA@mail.gmail.com/
[2] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/CAADnVQKs2i1iuZ5SUGuJtxWVfGYR9kDgYKhq3rNV+kBLQCu7rA@mail.gmail.com/
[3] git@github.com:anakryiko/cilium.git

Suggested-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Co-developed-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Change-Id: I80629cd663a28da7499da586c34adb97417233bb
Signed-off-by: Eduard Zingerman <eddyz87@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20230219200427.606541-2-eddyz87@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Maxim Mikityanskiy <maxim@isovalent.com>
Signed-off-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
2026-01-14 18:13:10 -08:00
android Merge tag 'LA.UM.9.14.r1-26500-LAHAINA.QSSI16.0' of https://git.codelinaro.org/clo/la/kernel/msm-5.4 into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-11-08 16:13:44 +02:00
arch UPSTREAM: bpf: Handle return value of BPF_PROG_TYPE_STRUCT_OPS prog 2026-01-14 18:12:57 -08:00
block Merge tag 'ASB-2025-12-01_11-5.4' of https://android.googlesource.com/kernel/common into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-12-04 19:21:35 +02:00
certs
crypto BACKPORT: crypto: lib/sha1 - rename "sha" to "sha1" 2025-12-23 13:36:17 -08:00
Documentation BACKPORT: bpf: Restrict bpf_trace_printk()'s %s usage and add %pks, %pus specifier 2026-01-14 18:12:53 -08:00
drivers UPSTREAM: module: Fix up module_notifier return values 2026-01-14 18:12:53 -08:00
fs UPSTREAM: sysctl: Convert to iter interfaces 2026-01-14 18:12:28 -08:00
include BACKPORT: bpf, sockmap: Fix sk->sk_forward_alloc warn_on in sk_stream_kill_queues 2026-01-14 18:13:10 -08:00
init UPSTREAM: bpf: Restrict bpf_probe_read{, str}() only to archs where they work 2026-01-14 18:12:54 -08:00
ipc BACKPORT: sysctl: pass kernel pointers to ->proc_handler 2025-12-23 13:36:15 -08:00
kernel BACKPORT: bpf: Allow reads from uninit stack 2026-01-14 18:13:10 -08:00
lib BACKPORT: bpf: Restrict bpf_trace_printk()'s %s usage and add %pks, %pus specifier 2026-01-14 18:12:53 -08:00
LICENSES
mm UPSTREAM: maccess: rename strncpy_from_unsafe_strict to strncpy_from_kernel_nofault 2026-01-14 18:12:55 -08:00
net BACKPORT: bpf, sockmap: Fix sk->sk_forward_alloc warn_on in sk_stream_kill_queues 2026-01-14 18:13:10 -08:00
samples UPSTREAM: devmap: Adjust tracepoint for map-less queue flush 2025-12-23 13:35:54 -08:00
scripts UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix bpf_redirect_neigh helper api to support supplying nexthop 2026-01-14 18:12:45 -08:00
security UPSTREAM: bpf: Implement bpf_local_storage for inodes 2026-01-14 18:12:21 -08:00
sound BACKPORT: mm: remove the pgprot argument to __vmalloc 2026-01-14 17:48:09 -08:00
techpack Merge tag 'LA.UM.9.14.r1-26000-LAHAINA.QSSI15.0' of https://git.codelinaro.org/clo/la/platform/vendor/opensource/display-drivers into android13-5.4-lahaina 2025-04-12 09:35:58 +00:00
tools BACKPORT: bpf: Allow reads from uninit stack 2026-01-14 18:13:10 -08:00
usr FROMLIST: kbuild: Add environment variables for userprogs flags 2025-09-28 10:00:32 +02:00
virt KVM: arm64: Ignore PMCNTENSET_EL0 while checking for overflow status 2024-12-19 18:05:04 +01:00
.clang-format
.cocciconfig
.get_maintainer.ignore
.gitattributes
.gitignore Merge android11-5.4.289(4c8fb32) into msm-5.4 2025-03-26 11:56:22 +05:30
.mailmap
Android.mk
Androidbp
build.config.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig
build.config.allmodconfig.aarch64
build.config.allmodconfig.arm
build.config.allmodconfig.x86_64
build.config.arm
build.config.common
build.config.db845c ANDROID: db845c: Enable device tree overlay support 2024-01-13 10:38:25 +05:30
build.config.gki
build.config.gki-debug.aarch64
build.config.gki-debug.x86_64
build.config.gki.aarch64 ANDROID: GKI: add Trimble symbol list 2025-01-16 06:41:15 -08:00
build.config.gki.x86_64
build.config.gki_kasan
build.config.gki_kasan.aarch64
build.config.gki_kasan.x86_64
build.config.gki_kprobes
build.config.gki_kprobes.aarch64
build.config.gki_kprobes.x86_64
build.config.hikey960
build.config.msm.common
build.config.msm.gki
build.config.msm.lahaina
build.config.x86_64
build.targets
COPYING
CREDITS
gen_headers_arm.bp
gen_headers_arm64.bp
gen_headers_arm64_auto.bp
gen_headers_arm_auto.bp
Kbuild
Kconfig
kernel_headers.py
LICENSE
MAINTAINERS BACKPORT: bpf: Introduce BPF_PROG_TYPE_LSM 2025-12-23 13:36:09 -08:00
Makefile BACKPORT: bpf: Resolve BTF IDs in vmlinux image 2026-01-14 18:12:02 -08:00
modules.list.msm.lahaina
OWNERS
README
README.md

How do I submit patches to Android Common Kernels

  1. BEST: Make all of your changes to upstream Linux. If appropriate, backport to the stable releases. These patches will be merged automatically in the corresponding common kernels. If the patch is already in upstream Linux, post a backport of the patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

  2. LESS GOOD: Develop your patches out-of-tree (from an upstream Linux point-of-view). Unless these are fixing an Android-specific bug, these are very unlikely to be accepted unless they have been coordinated with kernel-team@android.com. If you want to proceed, post a patch that conforms to the patch requirements below.

Common Kernel patch requirements

  • All patches must conform to the Linux kernel coding standards and pass script/checkpatch.pl
  • Patches shall not break gki_defconfig or allmodconfig builds for arm, arm64, x86, x86_64 architectures (see https://source.android.com/setup/build/building-kernels)
  • If the patch is not merged from an upstream branch, the subject must be tagged with the type of patch: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:, FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:, or ANDROID:.
  • All patches must have a Change-Id: tag (see https://gerrit-review.googlesource.com/Documentation/user-changeid.html)
  • If an Android bug has been assigned, there must be a Bug: tag.
  • All patches must have a Signed-off-by: tag by the author and the submitter

Additional requirements are listed below based on patch type

Requirements for backports from mainline Linux: UPSTREAM:, BACKPORT:

  • If the patch is a cherry-pick from Linux mainline with no changes at all
    • tag the patch subject with UPSTREAM:.
    • add upstream commit information with a (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
      • if the upstream commit message is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        UPSTREAM: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch requires any changes from the upstream version, tag the patch with BACKPORT: instead of UPSTREAM:.
    • use the same tags as UPSTREAM:
    • add comments about the changes under the (cherry-picked from ...) line
    • Example:
        BACKPORT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        (cherry-picked from c31e73121f4c1ec41143423ac6ce3ce6dafdcec1)
        [ Resolved minor conflict in drivers/foo/bar.c ]
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for other backports: FROMGIT:, FROMLIST:,

  • If the patch has been merged into an upstream maintainer tree, but has not yet been merged into Linux mainline
    • tag the patch subject with FROMGIT:
    • add info on where the patch came from as (cherry picked from commit <sha1> <repo> <branch>). This must be a stable maintainer branch (not rebased, so don't use linux-next for example).
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMGIT:
    • Example:
      • if the commit message in the maintainer tree is
        important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>
    - then Joe Smith would upload the patch for the common kernel as
        FROMGIT: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        (cherry picked from commit 878a2fd9de10b03d11d2f622250285c7e63deace
         https://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/foo/bar.git test-branch)
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch has been submitted to LKML, but not accepted into any maintainer tree
    • tag the patch subject with FROMLIST:
    • add a Link: tag with a link to the submittal on lore.kernel.org
    • if changes were required, use BACKPORT: FROMLIST:
    • Example:
        FROMLIST: important patch from upstream

        This is the detailed description of the important patch

        Signed-off-by: Fred Jones <fred.jones@foo.org>

        Bug: 135791357
        Link: https://lore.kernel.org/lkml/20190619171517.GA17557@someone.com/
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>

Requirements for Android-specific patches: ANDROID:

  • If the patch is fixing a bug to Android-specific code
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Fixes: tag that cites the patch with the bug
    • Example:
        ANDROID: fix android-specific bug in foobar.c

        This is the detailed description of the important fix

        Fixes: 1234abcd2468 ("foobar: add cool feature")
        Change-Id: I4caaaa566ea080fa148c5e768bb1a0b6f7201c01
        Signed-off-by: Joe Smith <joe.smith@foo.org>
  • If the patch is a new feature
    • tag the patch subject with ANDROID:
    • add a Bug: tag with the Android bug (required for android-specific features)

Vibrator driver for HHG device

How to merge the driver into kernel source tree

  1. Copy ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-aksys.c into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/

  2. Compare and merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/hid-ids.h : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_QUALCOMM  0x0a12
    	#define USB_VENDER_ID_TEMP_HHG_AKSY 0x1234
    	#define USB_PRODUCT_ID_AKSYS_HHG  0x1000
    
  3. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Kconfig into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Kconfig : Add the following code before the last line of this file

    config HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	tristate "AKSys gamepad USB adapter support"
    	depends on HID
    	---help---
    	Support for AKSys gamepad USB adapter
    
    config AKSYS_QRD_FF
    	bool "AKSys gamepad USB adapter force feedback support"
    	depends on HID_AKSYS_QRD
    	select INPUT_FF_MEMLESS
    	---help---
    	Say Y here if you have a AKSys gamepad USB adapter and want to
    	enable force feedback support for it.
    
  4. Merge ${this_project}/drivers/hid/Makefile into ${your_kernel_root}/drivers/hid/Makefile : Add the following code at the end of this file

    obj-$(CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD)	+= hid-aksys.o
    
  5. Modify your kernel's default build configuration file. Add the following two lines:

    CONFIG_HID_AKSYS_QRD=m
    CONFIG_AKSYS_QRD_FF=y