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981,183 commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Yauheni Kaliuta
e1dbfba32e
UPSTREAM: bpf: selftests: global_funcs: Check err_str before strstr
The error path in libbpf.c:load_program() has calls to pr_warn()
which ends up for global_funcs tests to
test_global_funcs.c:libbpf_debug_print().

For the tests with no struct test_def::err_str initialized with a
string, it causes call of strstr() with NULL as the second argument
and it segfaults.

Fix it by calling strstr() only for non-NULL err_str.

Change-Id: I919e29818dafd5cf35c7e2a8f6216d28c80915f7
Signed-off-by: Yauheni Kaliuta <yauheni.kaliuta@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200820115843.39454-1-yauheni.kaliuta@redhat.com
2026-01-14 18:12:46 -08:00
Alexei Starovoitov
daa1ea8932
UPSTREAM: selftests/bpf: Add unit tests for global functions
test_global_func[12] - check 512 stack limit.
test_global_func[34] - check 8 frame call chain limit.
test_global_func5    - check that non-ctx pointer cannot be passed into
                       a function that expects context.
test_global_func6    - check that ctx pointer is unmodified.
test_global_func7    - check that global function returns scalar.

Change-Id: Ia3963c47a6202a1440de22cd69cd17ede200e8a9
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200110064124.1760511-7-ast@kernel.org
2026-01-14 18:12:46 -08:00
Kaixu Xia
b7634dffec
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix unsigned 'datasec_id' compared with zero in check_pseudo_btf_id
The unsigned variable datasec_id is assigned a return value from the call
to check_pseudo_btf_id(), which may return negative error code.

This fixes the following coccicheck warning:

  ./kernel/bpf/verifier.c:9616:5-15: WARNING: Unsigned expression compared with zero: datasec_id > 0

Fixes: eaa6bcb71ef6 ("bpf: Introduce bpf_per_cpu_ptr()")
Reported-by: Tosk Robot <tencent_os_robot@tencent.com>
Change-Id: I5c826a2ad3324aab412cd6d773a69e31d2aa78e1
Signed-off-by: Kaixu Xia <kaixuxia@tencent.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Cc: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/1605071026-25906-1-git-send-email-kaixuxia@tencent.com
2026-01-14 18:12:46 -08:00
KP Singh
e6a49b93a7
UPSTREAM: bpf: Update verification logic for LSM programs
The current logic checks if the name of the BTF type passed in
attach_btf_id starts with "bpf_lsm_", this is not sufficient as it also
allows attachment to non-LSM hooks like the very function that performs
this check, i.e. bpf_lsm_verify_prog.

In order to ensure that this verification logic allows attachment to
only LSM hooks, the LSM_HOOK definitions in lsm_hook_defs.h are used to
generate a BTF_ID set. Upon verification, the attach_btf_id of the
program being attached is checked for presence in this set.

Fixes: 9e4e01dfd325 ("bpf: lsm: Implement attach, detach and execution")
Change-Id: Iacf851c1dbf10be35e81416b2f2d357a6428db7e
Signed-off-by: KP Singh <kpsingh@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201105230651.2621917-1-kpsingh@chromium.org
2026-01-14 18:12:46 -08:00
David Verbeiren
9db525fd5b
UPSTREAM: bpf: Zero-fill re-used per-cpu map element
Zero-fill element values for all other cpus than current, just as
when not using prealloc. This is the only way the bpf program can
ensure known initial values for all cpus ('onallcpus' cannot be
set when coming from the bpf program).

The scenario is: bpf program inserts some elements in a per-cpu
map, then deletes some (or userspace does). When later adding
new elements using bpf_map_update_elem(), the bpf program can
only set the value of the new elements for the current cpu.
When prealloc is enabled, previously deleted elements are re-used.
Without the fix, values for other cpus remain whatever they were
when the re-used entry was previously freed.

A selftest is added to validate correct operation in above
scenario as well as in case of LRU per-cpu map element re-use.

Fixes: 6c90598174 ("bpf: pre-allocate hash map elements")
Change-Id: I5ff28a3ee950b7733ab5eb0a5ca1fa1bcd898228
Signed-off-by: David Verbeiren <david.verbeiren@tessares.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Matthieu Baerts <matthieu.baerts@tessares.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201104112332.15191-1-david.verbeiren@tessares.net
2026-01-14 18:12:46 -08:00
Randy Dunlap
aa51c09430
UPSTREAM: bpf: BPF_PRELOAD depends on BPF_SYSCALL
Fix build error when BPF_SYSCALL is not set/enabled but BPF_PRELOAD is
by making BPF_PRELOAD depend on BPF_SYSCALL.

ERROR: modpost: "bpf_preload_ops" [kernel/bpf/preload/bpf_preload.ko] undefined!

Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Reported-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Change-Id: I102feefa53ce3d28f68bb9349249de7452f3af19
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201105195109.26232-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
2026-01-14 18:12:46 -08:00
Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
39a4763712
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix bpf_redirect_neigh helper api to support supplying nexthop
Based on the discussion in [0], update the bpf_redirect_neigh() helper to
accept an optional parameter specifying the nexthop information. This makes
it possible to combine bpf_fib_lookup() and bpf_redirect_neigh() without
incurring a duplicate FIB lookup - since the FIB lookup helper will return
the nexthop information even if no neighbour is present, this can simply
be passed on to bpf_redirect_neigh() if bpf_fib_lookup() returns
BPF_FIB_LKUP_RET_NO_NEIGH. Thus fix & extend it before helper API is frozen.

  [0] https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/393e17fc-d187-3a8d-2f0d-a627c7c63fca@iogearbox.net/

Change-Id: I9125e1738abc703d49ebe59ed9f976c9343334aa
Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/160322915615.32199.1187570224032024535.stgit@toke.dk
2026-01-14 18:12:45 -08:00
Martin KaFai Lau
658869edf7
UPSTREAM: bpf: Enforce id generation for all may-be-null register type
The commit af7ec1383361 ("bpf: Add bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock() helper")
introduces RET_PTR_TO_BTF_ID_OR_NULL and
the commit eaa6bcb71ef6 ("bpf: Introduce bpf_per_cpu_ptr()")
introduces RET_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_BTF_ID_OR_NULL.
Note that for RET_PTR_TO_MEM_OR_BTF_ID_OR_NULL, the reg0->type
could become PTR_TO_MEM_OR_NULL which is not covered by
BPF_PROBE_MEM.

The BPF_REG_0 will then hold a _OR_NULL pointer type. This _OR_NULL
pointer type requires the bpf program to explicitly do a NULL check first.
After NULL check, the verifier will mark all registers having
the same reg->id as safe to use.  However, the reg->id
is not set for those new _OR_NULL return types.  One of the ways
that may be wrong is, checking NULL for one btf_id typed pointer will
end up validating all other btf_id typed pointers because
all of them have id == 0.  The later tests will exercise
this path.

To fix it and also avoid similar issue in the future, this patch
moves the id generation logic out of each individual RET type
test in check_helper_call().  Instead, it does one
reg_type_may_be_null() test and then do the id generation
if needed.

This patch also adds a WARN_ON_ONCE in mark_ptr_or_null_reg()
to catch future breakage.

The _OR_NULL pointer usage in the bpf_iter_reg.ctx_arg_info is
fine because it just happens that the existing id generation after
check_ctx_access() has covered it.  It is also using the
reg_type_may_be_null() to decide if id generation is needed or not.

Fixes: af7ec1383361 ("bpf: Add bpf_skc_to_tcp6_sock() helper")
Fixes: eaa6bcb71ef6 ("bpf: Introduce bpf_per_cpu_ptr()")
Change-Id: I43b8cf842f2599ee7c093ee4b622bed285e65d28
Signed-off-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201019194212.1050855-1-kafai@fb.com
2026-01-14 18:12:45 -08:00
Tom Rix
47ce816cd6
UPSTREAM: bpf: Remove unneeded break
A break is not needed if it is preceded by a return.

Change-Id: Iadc5697b493560cffc746cb6b444e3f69335b45e
Signed-off-by: Tom Rix <trix@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201019173846.1021-1-trix@redhat.com
2026-01-14 18:12:45 -08:00
Alexei Starovoitov
d54bb912b4
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix register equivalence tracking.
The 64-bit JEQ/JNE handling in reg_set_min_max() was clearing reg->id in either
true or false branch. In the case 'if (reg->id)' check was done on the other
branch the counter part register would have reg->id == 0 when called into
find_equal_scalars(). In such case the helper would incorrectly identify other
registers with id == 0 as equivalent and propagate the state incorrectly.
Fix it by preserving ID across reg_set_min_max().

In other words any kind of comparison operator on the scalar register
should preserve its ID to recognize:

r1 = r2
if (r1 == 20) {
  #1 here both r1 and r2 == 20
} else if (r2 < 20) {
  #2 here both r1 and r2 < 20
}

The patch is addressing #1 case. The #2 was working correctly already.

Fixes: 75748837b7e5 ("bpf: Propagate scalar ranges through register assignments.")
Change-Id: Id5737c3392daa0d695a768206b3d3e4bda187aaf
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201014175608.1416-1-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2026-01-14 18:12:45 -08:00
Alexei Starovoitov
9f6f62f551
UPSTREAM: selftests/bpf: Asm tests for the verifier regalloc tracking.
Add asm tests for register allocator tracking logic.

Change-Id: Iff76d1e121a98df1ed307df20a74ac7f4cdf2445
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201009011240.48506-5-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2026-01-14 18:12:45 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
770a93776c
UPSTREAM: bpf: Allow for map-in-map with dynamic inner array map entries
Recent work in f4d05259213f ("bpf: Add map_meta_equal map ops") and 134fede4eecf
("bpf: Relax max_entries check for most of the inner map types") added support
for dynamic inner max elements for most map-in-map types. Exceptions were maps
like array or prog array where the map_gen_lookup() callback uses the maps'
max_entries field as a constant when emitting instructions.

We recently implemented Maglev consistent hashing into Cilium's load balancer
which uses map-in-map with an outer map being hash and inner being array holding
the Maglev backend table for each service. This has been designed this way in
order to reduce overall memory consumption given the outer hash map allows to
avoid preallocating a large, flat memory area for all services. Also, the
number of service mappings is not always known a-priori.

The use case for dynamic inner array map entries is to further reduce memory
overhead, for example, some services might just have a small number of back
ends while others could have a large number. Right now the Maglev backend table
for small and large number of backends would need to have the same inner array
map entries which adds a lot of unneeded overhead.

Dynamic inner array map entries can be realized by avoiding the inlined code
generation for their lookup. The lookup will still be efficient since it will
be calling into array_map_lookup_elem() directly and thus avoiding retpoline.
The patch adds a BPF_F_INNER_MAP flag to map creation which therefore skips
inline code generation and relaxes array_map_meta_equal() check to ignore both
maps' max_entries. This also still allows to have faster lookups for map-in-map
when BPF_F_INNER_MAP is not specified and hence dynamic max_entries not needed.

Example code generation where inner map is dynamic sized array:

  # bpftool p d x i 125
  int handle__sys_enter(void * ctx):
  ; int handle__sys_enter(void *ctx)
     0: (b4) w1 = 0
  ; int key = 0;
     1: (63) *(u32 *)(r10 -4) = r1
     2: (bf) r2 = r10
  ;
     3: (07) r2 += -4
  ; inner_map = bpf_map_lookup_elem(&outer_arr_dyn, &key);
     4: (18) r1 = map[id:468]
     6: (07) r1 += 272
     7: (61) r0 = *(u32 *)(r2 +0)
     8: (35) if r0 >= 0x3 goto pc+5
     9: (67) r0 <<= 3
    10: (0f) r0 += r1
    11: (79) r0 = *(u64 *)(r0 +0)
    12: (15) if r0 == 0x0 goto pc+1
    13: (05) goto pc+1
    14: (b7) r0 = 0
    15: (b4) w6 = -1
  ; if (!inner_map)
    16: (15) if r0 == 0x0 goto pc+6
    17: (bf) r2 = r10
  ;
    18: (07) r2 += -4
  ; val = bpf_map_lookup_elem(inner_map, &key);
    19: (bf) r1 = r0                               | No inlining but instead
    20: (85) call array_map_lookup_elem#149280     | call to array_map_lookup_elem()
  ; return val ? *val : -1;                        | for inner array lookup.
    21: (15) if r0 == 0x0 goto pc+1
  ; return val ? *val : -1;
    22: (61) r6 = *(u32 *)(r0 +0)
  ; }
    23: (bc) w0 = w6
    24: (95) exit

Change-Id: I808f50ea72c452cee8fa74473101e2a900b9c836
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-4-daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-01-14 18:12:44 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
258db876c3
BACKPORT: bpf: Add redirect_peer helper
Add an efficient ingress to ingress netns switch that can be used out of tc BPF
programs in order to redirect traffic from host ns ingress into a container
veth device ingress without having to go via CPU backlog queue [0]. For local
containers this can also be utilized and path via CPU backlog queue only needs
to be taken once, not twice. On a high level this borrows from ipvlan which does
similar switch in __netif_receive_skb_core() and then iterates via another_round.
This helps to reduce latency for mentioned use cases.

Pod to remote pod with redirect(), TCP_RR [1]:

  # percpu_netperf 10.217.1.33
          RT_LATENCY:         122.450         (per CPU:         122.666         122.401         122.333         122.401 )
        MEAN_LATENCY:         121.210         (per CPU:         121.100         121.260         121.320         121.160 )
      STDDEV_LATENCY:         120.040         (per CPU:         119.420         119.910         125.460         115.370 )
         MIN_LATENCY:          46.500         (per CPU:          47.000          47.000          47.000          45.000 )
         P50_LATENCY:         118.500         (per CPU:         118.000         119.000         118.000         119.000 )
         P90_LATENCY:         127.500         (per CPU:         127.000         128.000         127.000         128.000 )
         P99_LATENCY:         130.750         (per CPU:         131.000         131.000         129.000         132.000 )

    TRANSACTION_RATE:       32666.400         (per CPU:        8152.200        8169.842        8174.439        8169.897 )

Pod to remote pod with redirect_peer(), TCP_RR:

  # percpu_netperf 10.217.1.33
          RT_LATENCY:          44.449         (per CPU:          43.767          43.127          45.279          45.622 )
        MEAN_LATENCY:          45.065         (per CPU:          44.030          45.530          45.190          45.510 )
      STDDEV_LATENCY:          84.823         (per CPU:          66.770          97.290          84.380          90.850 )
         MIN_LATENCY:          33.500         (per CPU:          33.000          33.000          34.000          34.000 )
         P50_LATENCY:          43.250         (per CPU:          43.000          43.000          43.000          44.000 )
         P90_LATENCY:          46.750         (per CPU:          46.000          47.000          47.000          47.000 )
         P99_LATENCY:          52.750         (per CPU:          51.000          54.000          53.000          53.000 )

    TRANSACTION_RATE:       90039.500         (per CPU:       22848.186       23187.089       22085.077       21919.130 )

  [0] https://linuxplumbersconf.org/event/7/contributions/674/attachments/568/1002/plumbers_2020_cilium_load_balancer.pdf
  [1] https://github.com/borkmann/netperf_scripts/blob/master/percpu_netperf

Change-Id: I3dab8ed0c484fb100e1c52782c3192be835d5c98
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-3-daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-01-14 18:12:44 -08:00
Christoph Hellwig
ea043b3895
BACKPORT: net: add a new ndo_tunnel_ioctl method
This method is used to properly allow kernel callers of the IPv4 route
management ioctls.  The exsting ip_tunnel_ioctl helper is renamed to
ip_tunnel_ctl to better reflect that it doesn't directly implement ioctls
touching user memory, and is used for the guts of ndo_tunnel_ctl
implementations. A new ip_tunnel_ioctl helper is added that can be wired
up directly to the ndo_do_ioctl method and takes care of the copy to and
from userspace.

Change-Id: Iafa234e869ede811bc5f25ab3221151064156ac1
Signed-off-by: Christoph Hellwig <hch@lst.de>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:44 -08:00
Maciej Żenczykowski
3841e4b52d
UPSTREAM: net-veth: Add type safety to veth_xdp_to_ptr() and veth_ptr_to_xdp()
This reduces likelihood of incorrect use.

Test: builds

Change-Id: I8390333c7d2e6cbcb34a5a0ec8b55179d191c5c8
Signed-off-by: Maciej Żenczykowski <maze@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200819020027.4072288-1-zenczykowski@gmail.com
2026-01-14 18:12:44 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
2984db6f1a
UPSTREAM: veth: rely on peer veth_rq for ndo_xdp_xmit accounting
Rely on 'remote' veth_rq to account ndo_xdp_xmit ethtool counters.
Move XDP_TX accounting to veth_xdp_flush_bq routine.
Remove 'rx' prefix in rx xdp ethool counters

Change-Id: I8f19f5aa1444c1b8b5033e9762cea029c8e493c3
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Toshiaki Makita <toshiaki.makita1@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:44 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
2ec8fbbc92
UPSTREAM: veth: rely on veth_rq in veth_xdp_flush_bq signature
Substitute net_device point with veth_rq one in veth_xdp_flush_bq,
veth_xdp_flush and veth_xdp_tx signature. This is a preliminary patch
to account xdp_xmit counter on 'receiving' veth_rq

Acked-by: Toshiaki Makita <toshiaki.makita1@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I13486ac9f6989f506582524c9b0bc110e0da32fe
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:44 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
bec9875ddb
UPSTREAM: veth: remove atomic64_add from veth_xdp_xmit hotpath
Remove atomic64_add from veth_xdp_xmit hotpath and rely on
xdp_xmit_err/xdp_tx_err counters

Change-Id: I13599f86011c1b8278c2af446a68a6ef54c9003d
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:43 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
98fc02be14
UPSTREAM: veth: introduce more xdp counters
Introduce xdp_xmit counter in order to distinguish between XDP_TX and
ndo_xdp_xmit stats. Introduce the following ethtool counters:
- rx_xdp_tx
- rx_xdp_tx_errors
- tx_xdp_xmit
- tx_xdp_xmit_errors
- rx_xdp_redirect

Change-Id: I1b7e724a5bf7f3347b961d04c374478124c52e3d
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:43 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
2e1eaf38f6
UPSTREAM: veth: distinguish between rx_drops and xdp_drops
Distinguish between rx_drops and xdp_drops since the latter is already
reported in rx_packets. Report xdp_drops in ethtool statistics

Change-Id: I8646935edee967d4895bd1663247891c07741a2b
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:43 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
c696585de7
UPSTREAM: veth: introduce more specialized counters in veth_stats
Introduce xdp_tx, xdp_redirect and rx_drops counters in veth_stats data
structure. Move stats accounting in veth_poll. Remove xdp_xmit variable
in veth_xdp_rcv_one/veth_xdp_rcv_skb and rely on veth_stats counters.
This is a preliminary patch to align veth xdp statistics to mlx, intel
and marvell xdp implementation

Change-Id: Ie671d9ae779fbf1cbed9afb8612f56490dc834be
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:43 -08:00
Lorenzo Bianconi
1cd18a753f
UPSTREAM: veth: move xdp stats in a dedicated structure
Move xdp stats in veth_stats data structure. This is a preliminary patch
to align xdp statistics to mlx5, ixgbe and mvneta drivers

Change-Id: I17dc0132a19fef1b74043d984fa6f8140419faf7
Signed-off-by: Lorenzo Bianconi <lorenzo@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:43 -08:00
Jiang Lidong
d1c3cbd3cf
UPSTREAM: veth: ignore peer tx_dropped when counting local rx_dropped
When local NET_RX backlog is full due to traffic overrun,
peer veth tx_dropped counter increases. At that time, list
local veth stats, rx_dropped has double value of peer
tx_dropped, even bigger than transmit packets by peer.

In NET_RX softirq process, if any packet drop case happens,
it increases dev's rx_dropped counter and returns NET_RX_DROP.

At veth tx side, it records any error returned from peer netif_rx
into local dev tx_dropped counter.

In veth get stats process, it puts local dev rx_dropped and
peer dev tx_dropped into together as local rx_drpped value.
So that it shows double value of real dropped packets number in
this case.

This patch ignores peer tx_dropped when counting local rx_dropped,
since peer tx_dropped is duplicated to local rx_dropped at most cases.

Change-Id: Ie52f1e4bf44410e09ab7bd3d47449569d22f6f4d
Signed-off-by: Jiang Lidong <jianglidong3@jd.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:43 -08:00
Eric Dumazet
144511ae28
UPSTREAM: veth: use standard dev_lstats_add() and dev_lstats_read()
This cleanup will ease u64_stats_t adoption in a single location.

Change-Id: Ic5689e85464ba3ad788483b1279048c91d6e5e30
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:42 -08:00
Eric Dumazet
7b065ef3e9
UPSTREAM: net: provide dev_lstats_add() helper
Many network drivers need it and hand-coded the same function.

In order to ease u64_stats_t adoption, it is time to factorize.

Change-Id: I3ff8d2d0003f7443920348d2e39449237c3020a3
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:42 -08:00
Eric Dumazet
d294b9d42f
UPSTREAM: net: provide dev_lstats_read() helper
Many network drivers use hand-coded implementation of the same thing,
let's factorize things so that u64_stats_t adoption is done once.

Change-Id: I717828afadd64718417e5dda36291f0e49c6dcb5
Signed-off-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Signed-off-by: David S. Miller <davem@davemloft.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:42 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
8f18c4064c
UPSTREAM: bpf: Improve bpf_redirect_neigh helper description
Follow-up to address David's feedback that we should better describe internals
of the bpf_redirect_neigh() helper.

Suggested-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I2d53fb1cdc44fdd744da748726721c2f8519cdb3
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201010234006.7075-2-daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-01-14 18:12:42 -08:00
Yonghong Song
7d23366bd8
UPSTREAM: bpf: Track spill/fill of bounded scalars.
Under register pressure the llvm may spill registers with bounds into the stack.
The verifier has to track them through spill/fill otherwise many kinds of bound
errors will be seen. The spill/fill of induction variables was already
happening. This patch extends this logic from tracking spill/fill of a constant
into any bounded register. There is no need to track spill/fill of unbounded,
since no new information will be retrieved from the stack during register fill.

Though extra stack difference could cause state pruning to be less effective, no
adverse affects were seen from this patch on selftests and on cilium programs.

Change-Id: If36825e653e9f23abed5691522cba4a78907a72f
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201009011240.48506-3-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2026-01-14 18:12:42 -08:00
Alexei Starovoitov
3b2aa8fe40
UPSTREAM: bpf: Propagate scalar ranges through register assignments.
The llvm register allocator may use two different registers representing the
same virtual register. In such case the following pattern can be observed:
1047: (bf) r9 = r6
1048: (a5) if r6 < 0x1000 goto pc+1
1050: ...
1051: (a5) if r9 < 0x2 goto pc+66
1052: ...
1053: (bf) r2 = r9 /* r2 needs to have upper and lower bounds */

This is normal behavior of greedy register allocator.
The slides 137+ explain why regalloc introduces such register copy:
http://llvm.org/devmtg/2018-04/slides/Yatsina-LLVM%20Greedy%20Register%20Allocator.pdf
There is no way to tell llvm 'not to do this'.
Hence the verifier has to recognize such patterns.

In order to track this information without backtracking allocate ID
for scalars in a similar way as it's done for find_good_pkt_pointers().

When the verifier encounters r9 = r6 assignment it will assign the same ID
to both registers. Later if either register range is narrowed via conditional
jump propagate the register state into the other register.

Clear register ID in adjust_reg_min_max_vals() for any alu instruction. The
register ID is ignored for scalars in regsafe() and doesn't affect state
pruning. mark_reg_unknown() clears the ID. It's used to process call, endian
and other instructions. Hence ID is explicitly cleared only in
adjust_reg_min_max_vals() and in 32-bit mov.

Change-Id: Iecc5a1ad365e63064d963e66fcbbf70bb38ebdd3
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andrii@kernel.org>
Acked-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201009011240.48506-2-alexei.starovoitov@gmail.com
2026-01-14 18:12:42 -08:00
Stanislav Fomichev
8dca5768cb
UPSTREAM: selftests/bpf: Move test_align under test_progs
There is a much higher chance we can see the regressions if the
test is part of test_progs.

Change-Id: I376f8cf6541b11e110af291503a33652f3722c4a
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200515194904.229296-2-sdf@google.com
2026-01-14 18:12:41 -08:00
Stanislav Fomichev
9cf9c97308
UPSTREAM: selftests/bpf: Fix test_align verifier log patterns
Commit 294f2fc6da27 ("bpf: Verifer, adjust_scalar_min_max_vals to always
call update_reg_bounds()") changed the way verifier logs some of its state,
adjust the test_align accordingly. Where possible, I tried to not copy-paste
the entire log line and resorted to dropping the last closing brace instead.

Fixes: 294f2fc6da27 ("bpf: Verifer, adjust_scalar_min_max_vals to always call update_reg_bounds()")
Change-Id: If037a9198b047fd8d1b34f66454d2f86f1a33235
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200515194904.229296-1-sdf@google.com
2026-01-14 18:12:41 -08:00
Nikita V. Shirokov
f82f8a66a5
BACKPORT: bpf: Add tcp_notsent_lowat bpf setsockopt
Adding support for TCP_NOTSENT_LOWAT sockoption (https://lwn.net/Articles/560082/)
in tcp bpf programs.

Change-Id: Ib5d40f3a5c3b1ba7e0c6f40ca74754a89ba2966e
Signed-off-by: Nikita V. Shirokov <tehnerd@tehnerd.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201009070325.226855-1-tehnerd@tehnerd.com
2026-01-14 18:12:41 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
d8a6378f1f
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix scalar32_min_max_or bounds tracking
Simon reported an issue with the current scalar32_min_max_or() implementation.
That is, compared to the other 32 bit subreg tracking functions, the code in
scalar32_min_max_or() stands out that it's using the 64 bit registers instead
of 32 bit ones. This leads to bounds tracking issues, for example:

  [...]
  8: R0=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=4,vs=48,imm=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  8: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r0 +0)
   R0=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=4,vs=48,imm=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  9: R0=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=4,vs=48,imm=0) R1_w=inv(id=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  9: (b7) r0 = 1
  10: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  10: (18) r2 = 0x600000002
  12: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  12: (ad) if r1 < r2 goto pc+1
   R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=25769803778) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  13: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=25769803778) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  13: (95) exit
  14: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=25769803777,var_off=(0x0; 0x7ffffffff)) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  14: (25) if r1 > 0x0 goto pc+1
   R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=0,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  15: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=0,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  15: (95) exit
  16: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=1,umax_value=25769803777,var_off=(0x0; 0x77fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  16: (47) r1 |= 0
  17: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=1,umax_value=32212254719,var_off=(0x1; 0x700000000),s32_max_value=1,u32_max_value=1) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  [...]

The bound tests on the map value force the upper unsigned bound to be 25769803777
in 64 bit (0b11000000000000000000000000000000001) and then lower one to be 1. By
using OR they are truncated and thus result in the range [1,1] for the 32 bit reg
tracker. This is incorrect given the only thing we know is that the value must be
positive and thus 2147483647 (0b1111111111111111111111111111111) at max for the
subregs. Fix it by using the {u,s}32_{min,max}_value vars instead. This also makes
sense, for example, for the case where we update dst_reg->s32_{min,max}_value in
the else branch we need to use the newly computed dst_reg->u32_{min,max}_value as
we know that these are positive. Previously, in the else branch the 64 bit values
of umin_value=1 and umax_value=32212254719 were used and latter got truncated to
be 1 as upper bound there. After the fix the subreg range is now correct:

  [...]
  8: R0=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=4,vs=48,imm=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  8: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r0 +0)
   R0=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=4,vs=48,imm=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  9: R0=map_value(id=0,off=0,ks=4,vs=48,imm=0) R1_w=inv(id=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  9: (b7) r0 = 1
  10: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  10: (18) r2 = 0x600000002
  12: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  12: (ad) if r1 < r2 goto pc+1
   R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=25769803778) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  13: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=25769803778) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  13: (95) exit
  14: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=25769803777,var_off=(0x0; 0x7ffffffff)) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  14: (25) if r1 > 0x0 goto pc+1
   R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=0,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  15: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umax_value=0,var_off=(0x0; 0x7fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  15: (95) exit
  16: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=1,umax_value=25769803777,var_off=(0x0; 0x77fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  16: (47) r1 |= 0
  17: R0_w=inv1 R1_w=inv(id=0,umin_value=1,umax_value=32212254719,var_off=(0x0; 0x77fffffff),u32_max_value=2147483647) R2_w=inv25769803778 R10=fp0 fp-8=mmmmmmmm
  [...]

Fixes: 3f50f132d840 ("bpf: Verifier, do explicit ALU32 bounds tracking")
Reported-by: Simon Scannell <scannell.smn@gmail.com>
Change-Id: I41f9ef07a630ee634852f495e7d42ad5c1f7721e
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Reviewed-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-01-14 18:12:41 -08:00
Jakub Wilk
c7890557e6
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix typo in uapi/linux/bpf.h
Reported-by: Samanta Navarro <ferivoz@riseup.net>
Change-Id: Id258cd74240ca542b4929c2d0c4ea0649237d249
Signed-off-by: Jakub Wilk <jwilk@jwilk.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201007055717.7319-1-jwilk@jwilk.net
2026-01-14 18:12:41 -08:00
Randy Dunlap
f426d0061d
UPSTREAM: kernel/bpf/verifier: Fix build when NET is not enabled
Fix build errors in kernel/bpf/verifier.c when CONFIG_NET is
not enabled.

../kernel/bpf/verifier.c:3995:13: error: ‘btf_sock_ids’ undeclared here (not in a function); did you mean ‘bpf_sock_ops’?
  .btf_id = &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],

../kernel/bpf/verifier.c:3995:26: error: ‘BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON’ undeclared here (not in a function); did you mean ‘PTR_TO_SOCK_COMMON’?
  .btf_id = &btf_sock_ids[BTF_SOCK_TYPE_SOCK_COMMON],

Fixes: 1df8f55a37bd ("bpf: Enable bpf_skc_to_* sock casting helper to networking prog type")
Change-Id: I410a331ffc706ae13459044524195f877a571e8c
Signed-off-by: Randy Dunlap <rdunlap@infradead.org>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201007021613.13646-1-rdunlap@infradead.org
2026-01-14 18:12:40 -08:00
Song Liu
0aff69100c
UPSTREAM: bpf: Use raw_spin_trylock() for pcpu_freelist_push/pop in NMI
Recent improvements in LOCKDEP highlighted a potential A-A deadlock with
pcpu_freelist in NMI:

./tools/testing/selftests/bpf/test_progs -t stacktrace_build_id_nmi

[   18.984807] ================================
[   18.984807] WARNING: inconsistent lock state
[   18.984808] 5.9.0-rc6-01771-g1466de1330e1 #2967 Not tainted
[   18.984809] --------------------------------
[   18.984809] inconsistent {INITIAL USE} -> {IN-NMI} usage.
[   18.984810] test_progs/1990 [HC2[2]:SC0[0]:HE0:SE1] takes:
[   18.984810] ffffe8ffffc219c0 (&head->lock){....}-{2:2}, at: __pcpu_freelist_pop+0xe3/0x180
[   18.984813] {INITIAL USE} state was registered at:
[   18.984814]   lock_acquire+0x175/0x7c0
[   18.984814]   _raw_spin_lock+0x2c/0x40
[   18.984815]   __pcpu_freelist_pop+0xe3/0x180
[   18.984815]   pcpu_freelist_pop+0x31/0x40
[   18.984816]   htab_map_alloc+0xbbf/0xf40
[   18.984816]   __do_sys_bpf+0x5aa/0x3ed0
[   18.984817]   do_syscall_64+0x2d/0x40
[   18.984818]   entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9
[   18.984818] irq event stamp: 12
[...]
[   18.984822] other info that might help us debug this:
[   18.984823]  Possible unsafe locking scenario:
[   18.984823]
[   18.984824]        CPU0
[   18.984824]        ----
[   18.984824]   lock(&head->lock);
[   18.984826]   <Interrupt>
[   18.984826]     lock(&head->lock);
[   18.984827]
[   18.984828]  *** DEADLOCK ***
[   18.984828]
[   18.984829] 2 locks held by test_progs/1990:
[...]
[   18.984838]  <NMI>
[   18.984838]  dump_stack+0x9a/0xd0
[   18.984839]  lock_acquire+0x5c9/0x7c0
[   18.984839]  ? lock_release+0x6f0/0x6f0
[   18.984840]  ? __pcpu_freelist_pop+0xe3/0x180
[   18.984840]  _raw_spin_lock+0x2c/0x40
[   18.984841]  ? __pcpu_freelist_pop+0xe3/0x180
[   18.984841]  __pcpu_freelist_pop+0xe3/0x180
[   18.984842]  pcpu_freelist_pop+0x17/0x40
[   18.984842]  ? lock_release+0x6f0/0x6f0
[   18.984843]  __bpf_get_stackid+0x534/0xaf0
[   18.984843]  bpf_prog_1fd9e30e1438d3c5_oncpu+0x73/0x350
[   18.984844]  bpf_overflow_handler+0x12f/0x3f0

This is because pcpu_freelist_head.lock is accessed in both NMI and
non-NMI context. Fix this issue by using raw_spin_trylock() in NMI.

Since NMI interrupts non-NMI context, when NMI context tries to lock the
raw_spinlock, non-NMI context of the same CPU may already have locked a
lock and is blocked from unlocking the lock. For a system with N CPUs,
there could be N NMIs at the same time, and they may block N non-NMI
raw_spinlocks. This is tricky for pcpu_freelist_push(), where unlike
_pop(), failing _push() means leaking memory. This issue is more likely to
trigger in non-SMP system.

Fix this issue with an extra list, pcpu_freelist.extralist. The extralist
is primarily used to take _push() when raw_spin_trylock() failed on all
the per CPU lists. It should be empty most of the time. The following
table summarizes the behavior of pcpu_freelist in NMI and non-NMI:

non-NMI pop(): 	use _lock(); check per CPU lists first;
                if all per CPU lists are empty, check extralist;
                if extralist is empty, return NULL.

non-NMI push(): use _lock(); only push to per CPU lists.

NMI pop():    use _trylock(); check per CPU lists first;
              if all per CPU lists are locked or empty, check extralist;
              if extralist is locked or empty, return NULL.

NMI push():   use _trylock(); check per CPU lists first;
              if all per CPU lists are locked; try push to extralist;
              if extralist is also locked, keep trying on per CPU lists.

Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Change-Id: Ia6ab9c799f1f74ef5e51b0b1b3eb3e5ff2b57e9f
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201005165838.3735218-1-songliubraving@fb.com
2026-01-14 18:12:40 -08:00
Gustavo A. R. Silva
6e1fe795fe
UPSTREAM: bpf, verifier: Use fallthrough pseudo-keyword
Replace /* fallthrough */ comments with the new pseudo-keyword
macro fallthrough [1].

  [1] https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/v5.7/process/deprecated.html?highlight=fallthrough#implicit-switch-case-fall-through

Change-Id: I0ff56905e9c0dd45ac2d173940b5a10e457130fc
Signed-off-by: Gustavo A. R. Silva <gustavoars@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201002234217.GA12280@embeddedor
2026-01-14 18:12:40 -08:00
Stanislav Fomichev
4af3414bc4
UPSTREAM: bpf: Deref map in BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP when it's already used
We are missing a deref for the case when we are doing BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP
on a map that's being already held by the program.
There is 'if (ret) bpf_map_put(map)' below which doesn't trigger
because we don't consider this an error.
Let's add missing bpf_map_put() for this specific condition.

Fixes: ef15314aa5de ("bpf: Add BPF_PROG_BIND_MAP syscall")
Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Change-Id: I9b6cac9dca0c1d31828f08f88dc3322affde0fa6
Signed-off-by: Stanislav Fomichev <sdf@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201003002544.3601440-1-sdf@google.com
2026-01-14 18:12:40 -08:00
John Fastabend
c053cfde4e
UPSTREAM: bpf, sockmap: Add skb_adjust_room to pop bytes off ingress payload
This implements a new helper skb_adjust_room() so users can push/pop
extra bytes from a BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT program.

Some protocols may include headers and other information that we may
not want to include when doing a redirect from a BPF_SK_SKB_STREAM_VERDICT
program. One use case is to redirect TLS packets into a receive socket
that doesn't expect TLS data. In TLS case the first 13B or so contain the
protocol header. With KTLS the payload is decrypted so we should be able
to redirect this to a receiving socket, but the receiving socket may not
be expecting to receive a TLS header and discard the data. Using the
above helper we can pop the header off and put an appropriate header on
the payload. This allows for creating a proxy between protocols without
extra hops through the stack or userspace.

So in order to fix this case add skb_adjust_room() so users can strip the
header. After this the user can strip the header and an unmodified receiver
thread will work correctly when data is redirected into the ingress path
of a sock.

Change-Id: Ib5381eb7e0f39e12a60442dad0f6ece41e038b3c
Signed-off-by: John Fastabend <john.fastabend@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/160160099197.7052.8443193973242831692.stgit@john-Precision-5820-Tower
2026-01-14 18:12:40 -08:00
Hao Luo
ca55a79f0d
UPSTREAM: bpf: Introducte bpf_this_cpu_ptr()
Add bpf_this_cpu_ptr() to help access percpu var on this cpu. This
helper always returns a valid pointer, therefore no need to check
returned value for NULL. Also note that all programs run with
preemption disabled, which means that the returned pointer is stable
during all the execution of the program.

Change-Id: I5a21c27796380af29fecd9f5650946e7477a1c30
Signed-off-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200929235049.2533242-6-haoluo@google.com
2026-01-14 18:12:40 -08:00
Hao Luo
29362dca65
UPSTREAM: bpf: Introduce bpf_per_cpu_ptr()
Add bpf_per_cpu_ptr() to help bpf programs access percpu vars.
bpf_per_cpu_ptr() has the same semantic as per_cpu_ptr() in the kernel
except that it may return NULL. This happens when the cpu parameter is
out of range. So the caller must check the returned value.

Change-Id: I8d552a56b8e6eb80a12fb89e384deb21686cb976
Signed-off-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200929235049.2533242-5-haoluo@google.com
2026-01-14 18:12:39 -08:00
Hao Luo
ee7fd4a104
UPSTREAM: bpf: Introduce pseudo_btf_id
Pseudo_btf_id is a type of ld_imm insn that associates a btf_id to a
ksym so that further dereferences on the ksym can use the BTF info
to validate accesses. Internally, when seeing a pseudo_btf_id ld insn,
the verifier reads the btf_id stored in the insn[0]'s imm field and
marks the dst_reg as PTR_TO_BTF_ID. The btf_id points to a VAR_KIND,
which is encoded in btf_vminux by pahole. If the VAR is not of a struct
type, the dst reg will be marked as PTR_TO_MEM instead of PTR_TO_BTF_ID
and the mem_size is resolved to the size of the VAR's type.

>From the VAR btf_id, the verifier can also read the address of the
ksym's corresponding kernel var from kallsyms and use that to fill
dst_reg.

Therefore, the proper functionality of pseudo_btf_id depends on (1)
kallsyms and (2) the encoding of kernel global VARs in pahole, which
should be available since pahole v1.18.

Change-Id: I26d351c1c02f1f090178c1c5f7532152883edc05
Signed-off-by: Hao Luo <haoluo@google.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200929235049.2533242-2-haoluo@google.com
2026-01-14 18:12:39 -08:00
Yonghong Song
ce11b9e308
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix "unresolved symbol" build error with resolve_btfids
Michal reported a build failure likes below:

   BTFIDS  vmlinux
   FAILED unresolved symbol tcp_timewait_sock
   make[1]: *** [/.../linux-5.9-rc7/Makefile:1176: vmlinux] Error 255

This error can be triggered when config has CONFIG_NET enabled
but CONFIG_INET disabled. In this case, there is no user of
istructs inet_timewait_sock and tcp_timewait_sock and hence
vmlinux BTF types are not generated for these two structures.

To fix the problem, let us force BTF generation for these two
structures with BTF_TYPE_EMIT.

Fixes: fce557bcef11 ("bpf: Make btf_sock_ids global")
Reported-by: Michal Kubecek <mkubecek@suse.cz>
Change-Id: I44dc8d47e78647c5786cab9e86562e265147afb1
Signed-off-by: Yonghong Song <yhs@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20201001051339.2549085-1-yhs@fb.com
2026-01-14 18:12:39 -08:00
Song Liu
de2ea87c6b
UPSTREAM: bpf: Introduce BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS for perf event array
Currently, perf event in perf event array is removed from the array when
the map fd used to add the event is closed. This behavior makes it
difficult to the share perf events with perf event array.

Introduce perf event map that keeps the perf event open with a new flag
BPF_F_PRESERVE_ELEMS. With this flag set, perf events in the array are not
removed when the original map fd is closed. Instead, the perf event will
stay in the map until 1) it is explicitly removed from the array; or 2)
the array is freed.

Change-Id: I56f89d58a60a0d7a2d377916f0e80c99abc0a73c
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/20200930224927.1936644-2-songliubraving@fb.com
2026-01-14 18:12:39 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
7a4773fba0
UPSTREAM: bpf: Add redirect_neigh helper as redirect drop-in
Add a redirect_neigh() helper as redirect() drop-in replacement
for the xmit side. Main idea for the helper is to be very similar
in semantics to the latter just that the skb gets injected into
the neighboring subsystem in order to let the stack do the work
it knows best anyway to populate the L2 addresses of the packet
and then hand over to dev_queue_xmit() as redirect() does.

This solves two bigger items: i) skbs don't need to go up to the
stack on the host facing veth ingress side for traffic egressing
the container to achieve the same for populating L2 which also
has the huge advantage that ii) the skb->sk won't get orphaned in
ip_rcv_core() when entering the IP routing layer on the host stack.

Given that skb->sk neither gets orphaned when crossing the netns
as per 9c4c325252 ("skbuff: preserve sock reference when scrubbing
the skb.") the helper can then push the skbs directly to the phys
device where FQ scheduler can do its work and TCP stack gets proper
backpressure given we hold on to skb->sk as long as skb is still
residing in queues.

With the helper used in BPF data path to then push the skb to the
phys device, I observed a stable/consistent TCP_STREAM improvement
on veth devices for traffic going container -> host -> host ->
container from ~10Gbps to ~15Gbps for a single stream in my test
environment.

Change-Id: Ibb0798bea9886aad9ad582b221c9b8fc81e4cba8
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: David Ahern <dsahern@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: David Ahern <dsahern@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/f207de81629e1724899b73b8112e0013be782d35.1601477936.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-01-14 18:12:39 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
677fbf13cd
UPSTREAM: bpf, net: Rework cookie generator as per-cpu one
With its use in BPF, the cookie generator can be called very frequently
in particular when used out of cgroup v2 hooks (e.g. connect / sendmsg)
and attached to the root cgroup, for example, when used in v1/v2 mixed
environments. In particular, when there's a high churn on sockets in the
system there can be many parallel requests to the bpf_get_socket_cookie()
and bpf_get_netns_cookie() helpers which then cause contention on the
atomic counter.

As similarly done in f991bd2e14 ("fs: introduce a per-cpu last_ino
allocator"), add a small helper library that both can use for the 64 bit
counters. Given this can be called from different contexts, we also need
to deal with potential nested calls even though in practice they are
considered extremely rare. One idea as suggested by Eric Dumazet was
to use a reverse counter for this situation since we don't expect 64 bit
overflows anyways; that way, we can avoid bigger gaps in the 64 bit
counter space compared to just batch-wise increase. Even on machines
with small number of cores (e.g. 4) the cookie generation shrinks from
min/max/med/avg (ns) of 22/50/40/38.9 down to 10/35/14/17.3 when run
in parallel from multiple CPUs.

Change-Id: Ia5898f5a9f89532101b059cb82183697bfabe770
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Eric Dumazet <edumazet@google.com>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Cc: Eric Dumazet <eric.dumazet@gmail.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/8a80b8d27d3c49f9a14e1d5213c19d8be87d1dc8.1601477936.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-01-14 18:12:39 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
92074107e8
UPSTREAM: bpf, net: Fix build issue when net ns not configured
Fix a redefinition of 'net_gen_cookie' error that was overlooked
when net ns is not configured.

Fixes: f318903c0bf4 ("bpf: Add netns cookie and enable it for bpf cgroup hooks")
Reported-by: kbuild test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Change-Id: Icec4b9f3709553111048d3389f6cd28e8e05f68e
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
2026-01-14 18:12:38 -08:00
Daniel Borkmann
b9b87cb0e6
UPSTREAM: bpf: Add classid helper only based on skb->sk
Similarly to 5a52ae4e32a6 ("bpf: Allow to retrieve cgroup v1 classid
from v2 hooks"), add a helper to retrieve cgroup v1 classid solely
based on the skb->sk, so it can be used as key as part of BPF map
lookups out of tc from host ns, in particular given the skb->sk is
retained these days when crossing net ns thanks to 9c4c325252
("skbuff: preserve sock reference when scrubbing the skb."). This
is similar to bpf_skb_cgroup_id() which implements the same for v2.
Kubernetes ecosystem is still operating on v1 however, hence net_cls
needs to be used there until this can be dropped in with the v2
helper of bpf_skb_cgroup_id().

Change-Id: I0e5fe273db09f4a51962964bf8f1410f1d6cd39a
Signed-off-by: Daniel Borkmann <daniel@iogearbox.net>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Martin KaFai Lau <kafai@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/ed633cf27a1c620e901c5aa99ebdefb028dce600.1601477936.git.daniel@iogearbox.net
2026-01-14 18:12:38 -08:00
Song Liu
ae14b5cb7b
UPSTREAM: bpf: fix raw_tp test run in preempt kernel
In preempt kernel, BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN on raw_tp triggers:

[   35.874974] BUG: using smp_processor_id() in preemptible [00000000]
code: new_name/87
[   35.893983] caller is bpf_prog_test_run_raw_tp+0xd4/0x1b0
[   35.900124] CPU: 1 PID: 87 Comm: new_name Not tainted 5.9.0-rc6-g615bd02bf #1
[   35.907358] Hardware name: QEMU Standard PC (i440FX + PIIX, 1996),
BIOS 1.10.2-1ubuntu1 04/01/2014
[   35.916941] Call Trace:
[   35.919660]  dump_stack+0x77/0x9b
[   35.923273]  check_preemption_disabled+0xb4/0xc0
[   35.928376]  bpf_prog_test_run_raw_tp+0xd4/0x1b0
[   35.933872]  ? selinux_bpf+0xd/0x70
[   35.937532]  __do_sys_bpf+0x6bb/0x21e0
[   35.941570]  ? find_held_lock+0x2d/0x90
[   35.945687]  ? vfs_write+0x150/0x220
[   35.949586]  do_syscall_64+0x2d/0x40
[   35.953443]  entry_SYSCALL_64_after_hwframe+0x44/0xa9

Fix this by calling migrate_disable() before smp_processor_id().

Fixes: 1b4d60ec162f ("bpf: Enable BPF_PROG_TEST_RUN for raw_tracepoint")
Reported-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Change-Id: Ic6e489279a6ff446cc133abbf9eab851188a9734
Signed-off-by: Song Liu <songliubraving@fb.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
2026-01-14 18:12:38 -08:00
Toke Høiland-Jørgensen
861544b527
UPSTREAM: bpf: Fix context type resolving for extension programs
Eelco reported we can't properly access arguments if the tracing
program is attached to extension program.

Having following program:

  SEC("classifier/test_pkt_md_access")
  int test_pkt_md_access(struct __sk_buff *skb)

with its extension:

  SEC("freplace/test_pkt_md_access")
  int test_pkt_md_access_new(struct __sk_buff *skb)

and tracing that extension with:

  SEC("fentry/test_pkt_md_access_new")
  int BPF_PROG(fentry, struct sk_buff *skb)

It's not possible to access skb argument in the fentry program,
with following error from verifier:

  ; int BPF_PROG(fentry, struct sk_buff *skb)
  0: (79) r1 = *(u64 *)(r1 +0)
  invalid bpf_context access off=0 size=8

The problem is that btf_ctx_access gets the context type for the
traced program, which is in this case the extension.

But when we trace extension program, we want to get the context
type of the program that the extension is attached to, so we can
access the argument properly in the trace program.

This version of the patch is tweaked slightly from Jiri's original one,
since the refactoring in the previous patches means we have to get the
target prog type from the new variable in prog->aux instead of directly
from the target prog.

Reported-by: Eelco Chaudron <echaudro@redhat.com>
Suggested-by: Jiri Olsa <jolsa@kernel.org>
Change-Id: I300379f68e6db9af443aa666d62a66f36746de29
Signed-off-by: Toke Høiland-Jørgensen <toke@redhat.com>
Signed-off-by: Alexei Starovoitov <ast@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Andrii Nakryiko <andriin@fb.com>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/bpf/160138355278.48470.17057040257274725638.stgit@toke.dk
2026-01-14 18:12:38 -08:00